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P= -2x^2 - y^2 + 5x + 2y - 4
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Lời giải:
Ta có:
$P=2x^2+y^2+2xy+5x+y+\frac{37}{4}$
$=(x^2+y^2+2xy)+x^2+5x+y+\frac{37}{4}$
$=(x+y)^2+(x+y)+(x^2+4x)+\frac{37}{4}$
$=(x+y)^2+(x+y)+\frac{1}{4}+(x^2+4x+4)+5$
$=(x+y+\frac{1}{2})^2+(x+2)^2+5\geq 5$
Vậy $P_{\min}=5$. Giá trị này đạt tại:
$x+y+\frac{1}{2}=x+2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=-2; y=\frac{3}{2}$
Lời giải:
Ta có:
$P=2x^2+y^2+2xy+5x+y+\frac{37}{4}$
$=(x^2+y^2+2xy)+x^2+5x+y+\frac{37}{4}$
$=(x+y)^2+(x+y)+(x^2+4x)+\frac{37}{4}$
$=(x+y)^2+(x+y)+\frac{1}{4}+(x^2+4x+4)+5$
$=(x+y+\frac{1}{2})^2+(x+2)^2+5\geq 5$
Vậy $P_{\min}=5$. Giá trị này đạt tại:
$x+y+\frac{1}{2}=x+2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=-2; y=\frac{3}{2}$
P=x^3+3/5x^2y-3xy-3/5x^2y-xy+x^3
=2x^3-4xy
=2*(-2)^3-4*(-2)*1/3
=-16+8/3=-40/3
\(gt\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}+y\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}+z\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}+y\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-z\right)^2}+z\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-y\right)^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left[x.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2}+y.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2}+z.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2}\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2yz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2xz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2xy}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(1+1+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\) (bunhia)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=9\)
Thấy : \(\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}=\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(y+z\right)>0\)
CMTT : \(\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+z\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+y\right)\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left[x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{5}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có : \(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}=\sqrt{xyz}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
Mặt khác : \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\)
" = " \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=9\)
\(D=-x^2-y^2+xy+2x+2y\)
\(\Rightarrow D=-\dfrac{x^2}{2}+xy-\dfrac{y^2}{2}-\dfrac{x^2}{2}+2x-\dfrac{y^2}{2}+2y\)
\(\Rightarrow D=-\left(\dfrac{x^2}{2}-xy+\dfrac{y^2}{2}\right)-\left(\dfrac{x^2}{2}-2x\right)-\left(\dfrac{y^2}{2}-2y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow D=-\left(\dfrac{x^2}{2}-2.\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[]{2}}.\dfrac{y}{\sqrt[]{2}}+\dfrac{y^2}{2}\right)-\left(\dfrac{x^2}{2}-2.\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[]{2}}.\sqrt[]{2}+2\right)-\left(\dfrac{y^2}{2}-2.\dfrac{y}{\sqrt[]{2}}.\sqrt[]{2}+2\right)+2+2\)
\(\Rightarrow D=-\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[]{2}}-\dfrac{y}{\sqrt[]{2}}\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[]{2}}-\sqrt[]{2}\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{y}{\sqrt[]{2}}-\sqrt[]{2}\right)^2+4\)
mà \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[]{2}}-\dfrac{y}{\sqrt[]{2}}\right)^2\le0,\forall x;y\\-\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[]{2}}-\sqrt[]{2}\right)^2\le0,\forall x\\-\left(\dfrac{y}{\sqrt[]{2}}-\sqrt[]{2}\right)^2\le0,\forall y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow D=-\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[]{2}}-\dfrac{y}{\sqrt[]{2}}\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[]{2}}-\sqrt[]{2}\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{y}{\sqrt[]{2}}-\sqrt[]{2}\right)^2+4\le4\)
\(\Rightarrow GTLN\left(D\right)=4\left(tạix=y=2\right)\)
Lời giải:
$A=5x^2+y^2+4xy-2x-2y+2020$
$=(4x^2+y^2+4xy)+x^2-2x-2y+2020$
$=(2x+y)^2-2(2x+y)+x^2+2x+2020$
$=(2x+y)^2-2(2x+y)+1+(x^2+2x+1)+2018$
$=(2x+y-1)^2+(x+1)^2+2018\geq 2018$
Vậy GTNN của $A$ là $2018$. Giá trị này đạt tại $2x+y-1=0$ và $x+1=0$
Hay $x=-1; y=3$
\(M=5x^2+y^2-2x+2y+2xy+2004\)
\(=\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+2y\left(x+1\right)+y^2+4x^2-4x+1+2002\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^2+2y\left(x+1\right)+y^2+\left(2x-1\right)^2+2002\)
\(=\left(x+1+y\right)^2+\left(2x-1\right)^2+2003\ge2002\) với mọi x,y
=> \(M_{min}=2002\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+1=0\\2x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\x=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(M_{min}=2002\)
Ta có: \(P=-2x^2-y^2+5x+2y-4=-2\left(x^2-10x+25\right)-\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+47\)
\(=47-2\left(x-5\right)^2-\left(y-1\right)^2\le47\)
dấu bằng xảy ra <=> x=5, y=1