Cho a, b, c, d > 0 thỏa mãn \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\)
Chứng minh rằng \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
\(VT^2\ge\left(1+1+1+1\right)\left(\frac{a}{b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a+b}+\frac{d}{b+a+c}\right)\ge4.1=4\)
=> VT >/ 2
Dễ CM được \(\frac{a}{b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+c+d}+\frac{c}{d+a+b}+\frac{d}{b+a+c}\ge1\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c+d}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{c+d+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{d+a+b}}+\sqrt{\frac{d}{a+b+c}}\)
\(=\frac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c+d\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b\left(c+d+a\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c\left(d+a+b\right)}}+\frac{d}{\sqrt{d\left(a+b+c\right)}}\)
\(\ge\frac{a}{\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}}+\frac{b}{\frac{b+c+d+a}{2}}+\frac{c}{\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}}+\frac{d}{\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}}=2\)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi a = b + c+ d
b = c+d+a
c = b+a+d
d = a+b+c
Hình như ko có a ; b; c ;d
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy-schwarz :
\(VT=\frac{a^4}{ab+ac+ad}+\frac{b^4}{ab+bc+bd}+\frac{c^4}{cd+ac+bc}+\frac{d^4}{ad+bd+cd}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)^2}{2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)}\)
Mà \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd\right)\)( dễ dàng chứng minh nó bằng AM-GM)
nên \(VT\ge\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2}{3}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab;b^2+c^2\ge2bc;c^2+d^2\ge2cd;d^2+a^2\ge2ad\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\ge ab+bc+cd+da=1\)
do đó \(VT\ge\frac{1}{3}\)
Dấu''='' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=\frac{1}{2}\)
2bd=c(b+d)
<=>(a+c)d=bc+cd
<=>ad+cd=bc+cd
<=>ad=bc
<=>\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)
<=>\(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\) <=> \(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}\)<=>\(\frac{a+b}{a-b}=\frac{c+d}{c-d}\) (đpcm)
\(\frac{bf-ce}{a}=\frac{cd-àf}{b}=\frac{ae-bd}{c}=\frac{abf-ace}{a^2}=\frac{bcd-abf}{b^2}=\frac{ace-bcd}{c^2}\)
\(=\frac{abf-ace+bcd-abf+ace-bcd}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\frac{0}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bf-ce}{a}=\frac{cd-af}{b}=\frac{ae-bd}{c}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow bf-ce=0\Rightarrow bf=ce\Rightarrow\frac{b}{e}=\frac{c}{f}\left(1\right)\)
\(cd-af=0\Rightarrow cd=af\Rightarrow\frac{c}{f}=\frac{a}{d}\left(2\right)\)
\(ae-bd=0\Rightarrow ae=bd\Rightarrow\frac{a}{d}=\frac{b}{e}\left(3\right)\)
từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\left(3\right)\Rightarrow\frac{a}{d}=\frac{b}{e}=\frac{c}{f}\)
- viết lại cái đề
* Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:
\(\frac{a}{3b}=\frac{b}{3c}=\frac{c}{3d}=\frac{d}{3a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{3.\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\frac{1}{3}\)
* Vậy \(\frac{a}{3b}=\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3a=3b\Rightarrow a=b\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{b}{3c}=\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3b=3c\Rightarrow b=c\left(2\right)\)
\(\frac{c}{3d}=\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3c=3d\Rightarrow c=d\left(3\right)\)
\(\frac{d}{3a}=\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3d=3a\Rightarrow d=a\left(4\right)\)
từ (1),(2),(3),(4) ta có:
a=b,b=c,c=d,d=a
=> a=b=c=d
\(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ad< bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ad+ab< bc+ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\) (1)
\(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ad< bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ad+cd< bc+cd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\) (2)
Từ (1) ; (2) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\) (đpcm)