Biết x,y thuộc z và \(3\text{x}^2-4\text{x}y+2y^2=3.\)
Tính \(M=x^{2021}-\left(y-3\right)^{2022}\)
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Đặt \(\frac{x}{4}=\frac{y}{7}\) = k => x = 4k; y = 7k ( k khác 0)
Thay vào C ta được: \(C=\frac{\left(1+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(4k\right)^2.7k-\left(2-\sqrt{5}\right).4k.\left(7k\right)^2}{\left(4k\right)^3+\left(7k\right)^3}=\frac{\left(112.\left(1+\sqrt{3}\right)-196.\left(2-\sqrt{5}\right)\right).k^3}{407k^3}\)
\(C=\frac{112+112\sqrt{3}-392+196\sqrt{5}}{407}=\frac{112\sqrt{3} +196\sqrt{5}-280}{407}\)
Bài làm:
Ta có: \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left[\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3\right]-\left[3xy\left(x+y\right)+3xyz\right]\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)z+z^2\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-zx-yz+z^2-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)
và
\(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\)
\(=x^2-2xy+y^2+y^2-2yz+z^2+z^2-2zx+x^2\)
\(=2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)
Từ đó thay vào P rút ra:
\(P=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)}=\frac{2020}{2}=1010\)
Vậy P = 1010
PT (1) \(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+\left(z^2-2zx+x^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\)
Nhận thấy VT\(\ge\)0 với mọi x,y,z
Dấu = xảy ra <=> x=y=z
Thay x=y=z vào pt (2) ta được:
\(3x^{2021}=3^{2022}\) \(\Leftrightarrow x^{2021}=3^{2021}\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=z=3\)
Vậy (x;y;z)=(3;3;3)
+\(x+y+z\le\sqrt{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=3\)
+\(3+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)^2\le9\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{3+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}}\ge\frac{1}{1+3}=\frac{1}{4}\)
+\(A=\frac{x^2}{y+2z}+\frac{y^2}{z+2x}+\frac{z^2}{x+2y}=\frac{x^4}{x^2y+2zx^2}+\frac{y^4}{y^2z+2xy^2}+\frac{z^4}{z^2x+2yz^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+2\left(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\right)}\)
Áp dụng bđt Bunhiacopxki
\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x=x.xy+y.yz+z.zx\le\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}.\sqrt{x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2}\)
\(\le\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}.\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3}}=3\)
(áp dụng \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\))
Tương tự: \(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\le3\)
\(\Rightarrow B\ge\frac{3^2}{3+2.3}=1\)
\(VT=A+B\ge1+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{5}{4}=VP\)
\(x^2+y^2+z^2=xy+yz+zx\\ \Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2zx=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\y-z=0\\z-x=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\\ \text{Mà }x+y+z=-3\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=-1\\ \Leftrightarrow B=1-1+1=1\)
\(3x^2-4xy+2y^2=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2\left(x-y\right)^2=3\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2\le3\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2=0\\x^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow y^2=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(ktm\right)\\x=-1\Rightarrow2y^2+4y=0\Rightarrow y=\left\{-2;0\right\}\\x=1\Rightarrow2y^2-4y=0\Rightarrow y=\left\{0;2\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow M=...\)