chứng minh trong tam giác luôn có :
(b-c)/(a)*cos^(2)*(A)/(2)+(c-a)/(b)*cos^(2)*(B)/(2)+(a-b)/(c)*cos^(2)*(C)/(2)=0
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Tham khảo:
a) Ta có: \(\widehat {AMB} + \widehat {AMC} = {180^o}\)
\( \Rightarrow \cos \widehat {AMB} = - \cos \widehat {AMC}\)
Hay \(\cos \widehat {AMB} + \cos \widehat {AMC} = 0\)
b) Áp dụng định lí cos trong tam giác AMB ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}A{B^2} = M{A^2} + M{B^2} - 2MA.MB\;\cos \widehat {AMB}\\ \Leftrightarrow M{A^2} + M{B^2} - A{B^2} = 2MA.MB\;\cos \widehat {AMB}\;\;(1)\end{array}\)
Tương tự, Áp dụng định lí cos trong tam giác AMB ta được:
\(\begin{array}{l}A{C^2} = M{A^2} + M{C^2} - 2MA.MC\;\cos \widehat {AMC}\\ \Leftrightarrow M{A^2} + M{C^2} - A{C^2} = 2MA.MC\;\cos \widehat {AMC}\;\;(2)\end{array}\)
c) Từ (1), suy ra \(M{A^2} = A{B^2} - M{B^2} + 2MA.MB\;\cos \widehat {AMB}\;\)
Từ (2), suy ra \(M{A^2} = A{C^2} - M{C^2} + 2MA.MC\;\cos \widehat {AMC}\;\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được:
\(2M{A^2} = \left( {A{B^2} - M{B^2} + 2MA.MB\;\cos \widehat {AMB}} \right)\; + \left( {A{C^2} - M{C^2} + 2MA.MC\;\cos \widehat {AMC}} \right)\;\)
\( \Leftrightarrow 2M{A^2} = A{B^2} + A{C^2} - M{B^2} - M{C^2} + 2MA.MB\;\cos \widehat {AMB} + 2MA.MC\;\cos \widehat {AMC}\)
Mà: \(MB = MC = \frac{{BC}}{2}\) (do AM là trung tuyến)
\( \Rightarrow 2M{A^2} = A{B^2} + A{C^2} - {\left( {\frac{{BC}}{2}} \right)^2} - {\left( {\frac{{BC}}{2}} \right)^2} + 2MA.MB\;\cos \widehat {AMB} + 2MA.MB\;\cos \widehat {AMC}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow 2M{A^2} = A{B^2} + A{C^2} - 2.{\left( {\frac{{BC}}{2}} \right)^2} + 2MA.MB\;\left( {\cos \widehat {AMB} + \;\cos \widehat {AMC}} \right)\)
\( \Leftrightarrow 2M{A^2} = A{B^2} + A{C^2} - {\frac{{BC}}{2}^2}\)
\(\begin{array}{l} \Leftrightarrow M{A^2} = \frac{{A{B^2} + A{C^2} - {{\frac{{BC}}{2}}^2}}}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow M{A^2} = \frac{{2\left( {A{B^2} + A{C^2}} \right) - B{C^2}}}{4}\end{array}\) (đpcm)
Cách 2:
Theo ý a, ta có: \(\cos \widehat {AMC} = - \cos \widehat {AMB}\)
Từ đẳng thức (1): suy ra \(\cos \widehat {AMB} = \frac{{M{A^2} + M{B^2} - A{B^2}}}{{2.MA.MB}}\)
\( \Rightarrow \cos \widehat {AMC} = - \cos \widehat {AMB} = - \frac{{M{A^2} + M{B^2} - A{B^2}}}{{2.MA.MB}}\)
Thế \(\cos \widehat {AMC}\)vào biểu thức (2), ta được:
\(M{A^2} + M{C^2} - A{C^2} = 2MA.MC.\left( { - \frac{{M{A^2} + M{B^2} - A{B^2}}}{{2.MA.MB}}} \right)\)
Lại có: \(MB = MC = \frac{{BC}}{2}\) (do AM là trung tuyến)
\(\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow M{A^2} + {\left( {\frac{{BC}}{2}} \right)^2} - A{C^2} = 2MA.MB.\left( { - \frac{{M{A^2} + M{B^2} - A{B^2}}}{{2.MA.MB}}} \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow M{A^2} + {\left( {\frac{{BC}}{2}} \right)^2} - A{C^2} = - \left( {M{A^2} + M{B^2} - A{B^2}} \right)\\ \Leftrightarrow M{A^2} + {\left( {\frac{{BC}}{2}} \right)^2} - A{C^2} + M{A^2} + {\left( {\frac{{BC}}{2}} \right)^2} - A{B^2} = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow 2M{A^2} - A{B^2} - A{C^2} + {\frac{{BC}}{2}^2} = 0\\ \Leftrightarrow 2M{A^2} = A{B^2} + A{C^2} - {\frac{{BC}}{2}^2}\\ \Leftrightarrow M{A^2} = \frac{{A{B^2} + A{C^2} - {{\frac{{BC}}{2}}^2}}}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow M{A^2} = \frac{{2\left( {A{B^2} + A{C^2}} \right) - B{C^2}}}{4}\end{array}\)
a) \(cos\left(A+B\right)+cosC=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos\left(\pi-C\right)+cosC=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-cosC+cosC=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0=0\left(đúng\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow dpcm\)
b) \(cos\left(\dfrac{A+B}{2}\right)=sin\dfrac{C}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos\left(\dfrac{\pi-C}{2}\right)=sin\dfrac{C}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\dfrac{C}{2}\right)=sin\dfrac{C}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sin\dfrac{C}{2}=sin\dfrac{C}{2}\left(đúng\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow dpcm\)
c) \(cos\left(A-B\right)+cos\left(2B+C\right)=0\left(1\right)\)
Ta có : \(A+B+C=\pi\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2B+C=\pi-A+B\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2B+C=\pi-\left(A-B\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow cos\left(A-B\right)+cos\left[\pi-\left(A-B\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow cos\left(A-B\right)-cos\left(A-B\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0=0\left(đúng\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow dpcm\)
Tự chứng minh từng cái này rồi suy ra cái đó nhé b.
Ta có: \(sin\frac{A}{2}cos\frac{B}{2}cos\frac{C}{2}-sin\frac{A}{2}sin\frac{B}{2}sin\frac{C}{2}=sin^2\frac{A}{2}\)
Tương tự ta suy ra:
\(sin\frac{A}{2}cos\frac{B}{2}cos\frac{C}{2}+cos\frac{A}{2}sin\frac{B}{2}cos\frac{C}{2}+cos\frac{A}{2}cos\frac{B}{2}sin\frac{C}{2}=sin^2\frac{A}{2}+sin^2\frac{B}{2}+sin^2\frac{C}{2}+3sin\frac{A}{2}sin\frac{B}{2}sin\frac{C}{2}\left(1\right)\)
Tiếp theo chứng minh:
\(2sin\frac{A}{2}sin\frac{B}{2}sin\frac{C}{2}=\frac{cosA+cosB+cosC-1}{2}\left(2\right)\)
\(sin^2\frac{A}{2}+sin^2\frac{B}{2}+sin^2\frac{C}{2}=\frac{3}{2}-\frac{cosA+cosB+cosC}{2}\left(3\right)\)
\(tan\frac{A}{2}tan\frac{B}{2}+tan\frac{B}{2}tan\frac{C}{2}+tan\frac{C}{2}tan\frac{A}{2}=1\left(4\right)\)
Từ (1), (2), (3), (4) suy được điều phải chứng minh
f/
\(sin2A+sin2B+sin2C=2sin\left(A+B\right).cos\left(A-B\right)+2sinC.cosC\)
\(=2sinC.cos\left(A-B\right)+2sinC.cosC\)
\(=2sinC\left(cos\left(A-B\right)+cosC\right)\)
\(=2sinC\left[cos\left(A-B\right)-cos\left(A+B\right)\right]\)
\(=4sinC.sinA.sinB\)
g/
\(cos^2A+cos^2B+cos^2C=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}cos2A+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}cos2B+cos^2C\)
\(=1+\frac{1}{2}\left(cos2A+cos2B\right)+cos^2C\)
\(=1+cos\left(A+B\right).cos\left(A-B\right)+cos^2C\)
\(=1-cosC.cos\left(A-B\right)+cos^2C\)
\(=1-cosC\left(cos\left(A-B\right)-cosC\right)\)
\(=1-cosC\left[cos\left(A-B\right)+cos\left(A+B\right)\right]\)
\(=1-2cosC.cosA.cosB\)
d/ \(sinA+sinB+sinC=2sin\frac{A+B}{2}cos\frac{A-B}{2}+2sin\frac{C}{2}.cos\frac{C}{2}\)
\(=2cos\frac{C}{2}.cos\frac{A-B}{2}+2sin\frac{C}{2}.cos\frac{C}{2}\)
\(=2cos\frac{C}{2}\left(cos\frac{A-B}{2}+sin\frac{C}{2}\right)\)
\(=2cos\frac{C}{2}\left(cos\frac{A-B}{2}+cos\frac{A+B}{2}\right)\)
\(=4cos\frac{C}{2}.cos\frac{A}{2}.cos\frac{B}{2}\)
e/
\(cosA+cosB+cosC=2cos\frac{A+B}{2}cos\frac{A-B}{2}+1-2sin^2\frac{C}{2}\)
\(=1+2sin\frac{C}{2}.cos\frac{A-B}{2}-2sin^2\frac{C}{2}\)
\(=1+2sin\frac{C}{2}\left(cos\frac{A-B}{2}-sin\frac{C}{2}\right)\)
\(=1+2sin\frac{C}{2}\left(cos\frac{A-B}{2}-cos\frac{A+B}{2}\right)\)
\(=1+4sin\frac{C}{2}.sin\frac{A}{2}sin\frac{B}{2}\)