Cho a,b,c,d>0
CMR \(1< \frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< 2\)
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1, \(\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{d}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Do đó \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a=b+c+d\left(1\right)\\3b=a+c+d\left(2\right)\\3c=a+b+d\left(3\right)\\3d=a+b+c\left(4\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow3\left(a+b\right)=a+b+2c+2d\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b\right)=2\left(c+d\right)\Leftrightarrow a+b=c+d\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=1\)
Tương tự cũng có: \(\dfrac{b+c}{a+d}=1;\dfrac{c+d}{a+b}=1;\dfrac{d+a}{b+c}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow A=4\)
2, Có \(\dfrac{x^3}{8}=\dfrac{y^3}{64}=\dfrac{z^3}{216}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{6}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{y^2}{16}=\dfrac{z^2}{36}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4+16+36}=\dfrac{14}{56}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Do đó \(\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{1}{4};\dfrac{y^2}{16}=\dfrac{1}{4};\dfrac{z^2}{36}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=1\\y^2=4\\z^2=9\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm1\\y=\pm2\\z=\pm3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(1;2;3\right),\left(-1;-2;-3\right)\)
Bài 2 :
a, Ta có : \(\dfrac{x^3}{8}=\dfrac{y^3}{64}=\dfrac{z^3}{216}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{y^2}{16}=\dfrac{z^2}{36}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4+16+36}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=1\\y^2=4\\z^2=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm1\\y=\pm2\\z=\pm3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
b, Ta có : \(\dfrac{2x+1}{5}=\dfrac{3y-2}{7}=\dfrac{2x+3y-1}{5+7}=\dfrac{2x+3y-1}{6x}\)
\(\Rightarrow6x=12\)
\(\Rightarrow x=2\)
\(\Rightarrow y=3\)
Vậy ...
Từ \(\frac{a}{b}< 1\Rightarrow a< b\)
\(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+c}\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+c\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+ac< ab+bc\Leftrightarrow ac< bc\Leftrightarrow a< b\) (đúng với giả thiết)
a/ Ta có: \(\frac{a}{a+b}< \frac{a+c}{a+b+c}\) ; \(\frac{b}{b+c}< \frac{a+b}{a+b+c}\); \(\frac{c}{c+a}< \frac{b+c}{a+b+c}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}< \frac{a+c+a+b+b+c}{a+b+c}=2\)
b/ \(\frac{a}{a+b+c}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}\) ; \(\frac{b}{b+c+d}>\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{c}{c+d+a}>\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}\) ; \(\frac{d}{d+a+b}>\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}>\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\)
Mặt khác:
\(\frac{a}{a+b+c}< \frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}\) ; \(\frac{b}{b+c+d}< \frac{b+a}{b+c+d+a}\) ...
Bạn tự làm nốt
c/ Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{a+b}{a+b+c}>\frac{a+b}{a+b+c+d}\) làm tương tự 3 cái còn lại
Cộng lại sẽ ra BĐT bên trái
Sau đó \(\frac{a+b}{a+b+c}< \frac{a+b+d}{a+b+c+d}\) làm tương tự với 3 cái còn lại rồi cộng lại ra BĐT bên phải
ta nhân lần lượt a,b,c,d vào biểu thức ban đầu , được
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a^2}{b+c+d}+\frac{ba}{a+c+d}+\frac{ac}{a+b+d}+\frac{ad}{a+b+c}=a\left(1\right)\\\frac{ab}{b+c+d}+\frac{b^2}{a+c+d}+\frac{cb}{a+b+d}+\frac{db}{a+b+c}=b\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{ac}{b+c+d}+\frac{bc}{c+a+d}+\frac{c^2}{a+b+d}+\frac{dc}{a+b+c}=c\left(3\right)\\\frac{ad}{b+c+d}+\frac{bd}{a+c+d}+\frac{cd}{a+b+d}+\frac{d^2}{a+b+c}=d\left(4\right)\end{cases}}\)
Lấy (1)+(2)+(3)+(4) ta có :
\(\left(\frac{a^2}{b+c+d}+\frac{b^2}{a+c+d}+\frac{c^2}{a+b+d}+\frac{d^2}{a+b+c}\right)+\frac{ab+bc+bd}{c+d+a}+\frac{ac+bc+cd}{d+a+b}\)
\(+\frac{ad+bd+cd}{a+b+c}+\frac{ab+ac+ad}{b+c+d}=a+b+c+d\)
\(< =>A+\frac{b\left(c+d+a\right)}{c+d+a}+\frac{d\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}+\frac{c\left(b+d+a\right)}{b+d+a}+\frac{a\left(c+b+d\right)}{c+b+d}=a+b+c+d\)
\(< =>A+a+b+c+d=a+b+c+d=>A=0\)
Vậy \(A=\frac{a^2}{b+c+d}+\frac{b^2}{a+c+d}+\frac{c^2}{a+b+d}+\frac{d^2}{a+b+c}=0\)
Ta có S + 4 = \(\left(\frac{a}{b+c+d}+1\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c+d+a}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a+b+d}+1\right)+\left(\frac{d}{a+b+c}+1\right)\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d}+\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+c+d}+\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+d}+\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d}\)
\(=\left(a+b+c+d\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c+d}+\frac{1}{a+c+d}+\frac{1}{a+b+d}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\right)\)
\(=4000.\frac{1}{40}=100\)(a + b + c + d = 4000 ; \(\frac{1}{b+c+d}+\frac{1}{a+c+d}+\frac{1}{a+b+d}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}=\frac{1}{40}\))
=> S = 100 - 4 = 96
Làm tạm một câu rồi đi chơi, lát làm cho.
4)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz :
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}=\frac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge\frac{9}{1}=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b+c+d}=\frac{b}{a+c+d}=\frac{c}{a+b+d}=\frac{d}{a+b+c}\)
<=> \(\frac{a}{b+c+d}+1=\frac{b}{a+c+d}+1=\frac{c}{a+b+d}+1=\frac{d}{a+b+c}+1\)
<=> \(\frac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c}\)
Nếu a + b + c + d = 0
=> a + b = -(c + d)
b + c = -(a + d)
c + d = -(a + b)
d + a = -(b + c)
Khi đó M = \(\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{d+a}+\frac{c+d}{a+b}+\frac{d+a}{b+c}=\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)=-4\)
Nếu a + b + c + d \(\ne\)0
=> \(\frac{1}{b+c+d}=\frac{1}{a+c+d}=\frac{1}{a+b+d}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
=> b + c + d = a + c + d = a + b + d = a + b + c
=> a = b = c = d
Khi đó M = \(\frac{a+b}{c+d}+\frac{b+c}{a+b}+\frac{c+d}{a+b}+\frac{d+a}{b+c}=1+1+1+1=4\)
Vậy nếu a + b + c + d \(\ne\)0 => M = 4
nếu a + b + c + d = 0 => M = -4
Mình thử nha :33
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{a+b+c}+\frac{1}{b+c+d}+\frac{1}{c+d+a}+\frac{1}{d+a+b}=\frac{1}{40}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c+d\right)\frac{1}{a+b+c}+\frac{1}{b+c+d}+\frac{1}{c+d+a}+\frac{1}{d+a+b}=\frac{1}{40}\cdot2000=50\) ( do \(a+b+c+d=2000\) )
\(\Rightarrow1+\frac{d}{a+b+c}+1+\frac{a}{b+c+d}+1+\frac{b}{c+d+a}+1+\frac{a}{b+c+d}=50\)
\(\Rightarrow S=50-4=46\)
Vậy : \(S=46\) với a,b,c,d thỏa mãn đề.