VD1: Cho 30g NaOH vào 200g H;O. Tính C% của dd thu được.
VD2: Cho 60g NaOH vào H2O thu được 300g dd. Tính C% của dd thu được.
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Câu 6:
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ a,n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,25.65=16,25\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu}=m_{hh}-m_{Zn}=30-16,25=13,75\left(g\right)\\ b,\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{16,25}{30}.100\approx54,167\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}\approx45,833\%\\ c,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,25=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5.36,5}{200}.100=9,125\%\)
Câu 4:
a) - Thử với lượng nhỏ mỗi chất.
- Bảng nhận biết:
dd Ba(OH)2 | dd HNO3 | dd KNO3 | dd HCl | |
Quỳ tím | Xanh | Đỏ | Tím | Đỏ |
dd AgNO3 | Đã nhận biết | Không hiện tượng | Đã nhận biết | Kết tủa trắng |
\(PTHH:AgNO_3+HCl\rightarrow AgCl\downarrow\left(trắng\right)+HNO_3\)
\(Đặt:n_{Na_2CO_3}=a\left(mol\right);n_{K_2CO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\\ Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\\ K_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+CO_2+H_2O\\ CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3\downarrow+H_2O\\ n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}106a+138b=38,2\\a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ a.C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,6.36,5}{200}.100=10,95\%\\ b.m_{ddB}=38,2+200-0,3.44=225\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddKCl}=\dfrac{74,5.2.0,2}{225}.100\approx13,244\%\\ C\%_{ddNaCl}=\dfrac{58,5.2.0,1}{225}.100=5,2\%\)
\(a,n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{30}{100}=0,3mol\\ b,S_{NaCl}=\dfrac{72}{200}\cdot100=36g\)
a, \(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{30}{100}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
b, \(S=\dfrac{72}{200}.100=36\left(g\right)\)
Câu 1: Từ 200g dd NaOH 60%
=> mct1=\(\dfrac{C\%.m_{dd}}{100\%0}=\dfrac{60.200}{100}=120\left(g\right)\)
Từ 200 g dd NaOH 30%
=> mct2=\(\dfrac{C\%.m_{dd}}{100\%}=\dfrac{30.200}{100}=60\left(g\right)\)
Vậy \(m_{NaOH\left(mới\right)}=m_{ct1}+m_{ct2}=120+60=180\left(g\right)\)
b) md d NaOH=md d1 + md d2= 200 +200 =400(g)
c) \(C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}.100\%}{m_{ddNaOH}}=\dfrac{180.100}{400}=45\left(\%\right)\)
Câu 2: Từ 200g dd NaOH 20%
=> mct1=\(\dfrac{C\%.m_{dd}}{100\%0}=\dfrac{20.200}{100}=40\left(g\right)\)
Từ 400 g dd NaOH 30%
=> mct2=\(\dfrac{C\%.m_{dd}}{100\%}=\dfrac{30.400}{100}=120\left(g\right)\)
Vậy \(m_{NaOH\left(mới\right)}=m_{ct1}+m_{ct2}=40+120=160\left(g\right)\)
b) md d NaOH=md d1 + md d2= 200 +400 =600(g)
c) \(C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}.100\%}{m_{ddNaOH}}=\dfrac{160.100}{600}\approx27\left(\%\right)\)
a) PTHH: \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl_2}=0,2\cdot95=19\left(g\right)\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot36,5}{200}\cdot100\%=7,3\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{MgO}+m_{ddHCl}=208\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{19}{208}\cdot100\%\approx9,13\%\)
c) PTHH: \(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{200\cdot4\%}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) NaOH p/ứ hết, MgCl2 còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{MgCl_2\left(dư\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=0,2\cdot58,5=11,7\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2\left(dư\right)}=9,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\cdot58=5,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{ddA}+m_{ddNaOH}-m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=402,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{11,7}{402,2}\cdot100\%\approx2,91\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{9,5}{402,2}\cdot100\%\approx2,36\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo gt ta có: $n_{MgO}=0,2(mol)$
a, $MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O$
b, Ta có: $n_{HCl}=0,4(mol)\Rightarrow x=7,3$
Bảo toàn khối lượng ta có: $m_{ddA}=208(g)$
$\Rightarrow \%C_{MgCl_2}=9,13\%$
c, Ta có: $n_{NaOH}=0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow n_{Mg(OH)_2}=0,1(mol)$
Bảo toàn khối lượng ta có: $m_{ddB}=208+200-0,1.58=402,2(g)$
$\Rightarrow \%C_{MgCl_2}=2,36\%$
\(C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}}{m_{ddNaOH}}.100=\dfrac{30}{30+170}.100=15\%\)
\(a,C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{5}{200+5}.100\%=2,43\%\\ b,C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,2.40}{200}.100\%=4\%\\ c,n_{NH_3}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{NH_3}=\dfrac{0,3.17}{200+0,3.17}.100\%=2,5\%\\ d,n_{KCl}=\dfrac{9.10^{22}}{6.10^{23}}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{KCl}=\dfrac{0,15.74,5}{200}=5,5875\%\)
VD1:\(m_{dd}=m_{NaOH}+m_{H_2O}=30+200=230\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}}{m_{dd}}.100\%=\dfrac{30}{230}.100\%\approx13,04\%\)
VD2: \(C\%=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}}{m_{dd}}.100\%=\dfrac{60}{300}.100\%=20\%\)