Tìm GTNN của:
a) x2 - 4x +1
b) 3x2 - 6x - 1
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a) \(A=x^2-4x+1=\left(x-2\right)^2-3\ge-3\)
\(minA=-3\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
b) \(B=-x^2-8x+5=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\le21\)
\(maxB=21\Leftrightarrow x=-4\)
c) \(C=2x^2-8x+19=2\left(x-2\right)^2+11\ge11\)
\(minC=11\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
d) \(D=-3x^2-6x+1=-3\left(x+1\right)^2+4\le4\)
\(maxD=4\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
\(1,\\ a,A=4x^2\left(-3x^2+1\right)+6x^2\left(2x^2-1\right)+x^2\\ A=-12x^4+4x^2+12x^2-6x^2+x^2=-x^2=-\left(-1\right)^2=-1\\ b,B=x^2\left(-2y^3-2y^2+1\right)-2y^2\left(x^2y+x^2\right)\\ B=-2x^2y^3-2x^2y^2+x^2-2x^2y^3-2x^2y^2\\ B=-4x^2y^3-4x^2y^2+x^2\\ B=-4\left(0,5\right)^2\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^3-4\left(0,5\right)^2\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(0,5\right)^2\\ B=\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(2,\\ a,\Leftrightarrow10x-16-12x+15=12x-16+11\\ \Leftrightarrow-14x=-4\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{7}\\ b,\Leftrightarrow12x^2-4x^3+3x^3-12x^2=8\\ \Leftrightarrow-x^3=8=-2^3\\ \Leftrightarrow x=2\\ c,\Leftrightarrow4x^2\left(4x-2\right)-x^3+8x^2=15\\ \Leftrightarrow16x^3-8x^2-x^3+8x^2=15\\ \Leftrightarrow15x^3=15\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3=1\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
a)
Ta có:
\(A=x^2-2x-1=x^2-2x+1-2=\left(x-1\right)^2-2\)
\(\ge0-2=-2\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=-2\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
b)\(B=4x^2+4x+8=4x^2+4x+1+7\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+7\ge0+7=7\)
Vậy \(B_{min}=7\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(2x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
c)
Ta có:
\(C=3x-x^2+2=2-\left(x^2-3x\right)\)
\(=2+\dfrac{9}{4}-\left(x^2-2x.\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{17}{4}-\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\le\dfrac{17}{4}-0=\dfrac{17}{4}\)
Vậy \(C_{max}=\dfrac{17}{4}\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
d) Ta có:
\(D=-x^2-5x=-\left(x^2+5x\right)=\dfrac{25}{4}-\left(x^2+2x.\dfrac{5}{2}+\dfrac{25}{4}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{25}{4}-\left(x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2\le\dfrac{25}{4}-0=\dfrac{25}{4}\)
Vậy \(D_{max}=\dfrac{25}{4}\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x+\dfrac{5}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{5}{2}\)
e) Ta có:
\(E=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28\)
\(=x^2+4y^2+5^2-4xy+10x-20y+y^2-2y+1+2\)
\(=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\)
\(\ge0+0+2=2\)
Vậy \(E_{min}=2\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x-2y+5=y-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2 :
\(A=4x^2-2.2x.2+4+1\)
\(=\left(2x-2\right)^2+1\)
Thấy : \(\left(2x-2\right)^2\ge0\)
\(A=\left(2x-2\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Vậy \(MinA=1\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(B=\left(5x\right)^2-2.5x.1+1-4\)
\(=\left(5x-1\right)^2-4\)
Thấy : \(\left(5x-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\left(5x-1\right)^2-4\ge-4\)
Vậy \(MinB=-4\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
\(C=\left(7x\right)^2-2.7x.2+4-5\)
\(=\left(7x-2\right)^2-5\)
Thấy : \(\left(7x-2\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\left(7x-2\right)^2-5\ge-5\)
Vậy \(MinC=-5\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{7}\)
\(1.\)
\(A=-x^2-10x+1=-\left(x^2+10x-1\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2+2.5x+5^2-5^2-1\right)=-\left[\left(x+5\right)^2-26\right]\)
\(=-\left(x+5\right)^2+26\le26\) dấu "=" xảy ra<=>x=-5
\(B=-4x^2-6x-5=-4\left(x^2+\dfrac{6}{4}x+\dfrac{5}{4}\right)\)
\(=-4\left(x^2+2.\dfrac{3}{4}x+\dfrac{9}{16}+\dfrac{11}{16}\right)\)\(=-4\left[\left(x+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{11}{6}\right]\le-\dfrac{11}{4}\)
\(C=-16x^2+8x-1=-16\left(x^2-\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)\)
\(=-16\left(x^2-2.\dfrac{1}{4}x+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)=-16\left(x-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2\le0\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=1/4
\(4A-3x^2+7-6x=x^2+3A-4x-3\)
\(\Rightarrow4A-3A=\left(x^2+3x^2\right)-\left(4x-6x\right)-\left(3+7\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=4x^2-\left(-2x\right)-10\)
\(\Rightarrow A=4x^2+2x-10\)
\(a,=\left(x-1\right)^3\\ b,=\left(1-2x\right)\left(1+2x\right)\\ c,=x^3-8\\ d,=\left(3x-1\right)\left(9x^2+3x+1\right)\\ e,=\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)\\ g,=\left(x-2\right)^2\\ h,=x^2-4y^2\\ j,=\left(x-4\right)^2\)
Bài 1:
\(a,x^4+5x^2+9\\=(x^4+6x^2+9)-x^2\\=[(x^2)^2+2\cdot x^2\cdot3+3^2]-x^2\\=(x^2+3)^2-x^2\\=(x^2+3-x)(x^2+3+x)\)
\(b,x^4+3x^2+4\\=(x^4+4x^2+4)-x^2\\=[(x^2)^2+2\cdot x^2\cdot2+2^2]-x^2\\=(x^2+2)^2-x^2\\=(x^2+2-x)(x^2+2+x)\)
\(c,2x^4-x^2-1\\=2x^4-2x^2+x^2-1\\=2x^2(x^2-1)+(x^2-1)\\=(x^2-1)(2x^2+1)\\=(x-1)(x+1)(2x^2+1)\)
Bài 2:
\(a,\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)=120\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(x+1\right)\left(x+4\right)\right]\cdot\left[\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\right]=120\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+5x+4\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)=120\) (1)
Đặt \(x^2+5x+5=y\), khi đó (1) trở thành:
\(\left(y-1\right)\left(y+1\right)=120\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2-1=120\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2=121\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=11\\y=-11\end{matrix}\right.\)
+, TH1: \(y=11\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+5=11\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x+6x-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-1\right)+6\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+6\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x+6=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-6\end{matrix}\right.\left(\text{nhận}\right)\)
+, TH2: \(y=-11\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+5=-11\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{5}{2}+\left(\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2\right]-\dfrac{25}{4}+16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{39}{4}=0\)
Ta thấy: \(\left(x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{39}{4}\ge\dfrac{39}{4}>0\forall x\)
Mà \(\left(x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{39}{4}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\) loại
Vậy \(x\in\left\{1;-6\right\}\).
\(b,\) Đề thiếu vế phải rồi bạn.
a) \(x^2-4x+1=x^2-2.x.2+2^2-3=\left(x-2\right)^2-3\)
Vì \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\)
nên \(\left(x-2\right)^2-3\ge-3\)
Vậy \(Min_{x^2-4x+1}=-3\)khi \(x-2=0\Rightarrow x=2\)
b) \(3x^2-6x-1=3\left(x^2-2x-\frac{1}{3}\right)=3\left(x^2-2.x.1+1-\frac{4}{3}\right)=3\left(x-1\right)^2-4\)
Vì \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\)
nên \(3\left(x-1\right)^2-4\ge-4\)
Vậy \(Min_{3x^2-6x-1}=-4\)khi \(x-1=0\Rightarrow x=1\)
a,\(x^2-4x+1=x^2-4x+4-3=\left(x-2\right)^2-3.\)
Vì \(\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0=>\left(x-3\right)^2-3\ge-3\) Dấu = khi x=3
\(=>Min_A=-3\) khi x=3
b, \(3x^2-6x-1=3\left(x^2-2x-\frac{1}{3}\right)=3\left(x^2-2x+1-\frac{4}{3}\right)\)
\(=3\left[\left(x-1\right)^2-\frac{4}{3}\right]=3\left(x-1\right)^2-4\)
Vì \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0=>3\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0=>3\left(x-1\right)^2-4\ge-4\) khi x=1
\(=>Min_A=4\)khi x=1