Chứng minh : \(\sqrt{\left(2a+1\right)^2+\left(2a+3\right)^2}\in I\left(a\in Z\right)\)
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\(P=\left(\dfrac{3\sqrt{a}}{a+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{b}}-\dfrac{3a}{a\sqrt{a}-b\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\right):\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}{2a+2\sqrt{ab}+2b}\left(đk:a\ne b,a\ge0,b\ge0\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{3a-3\sqrt{ab}-3a+a+\sqrt{ab}+b}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{b}\right)}.\dfrac{2\left(a+\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a-2\sqrt{ab}+b}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}.\dfrac{2}{\left(a-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2.2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2\left(a-1\right)}=\dfrac{2}{a-1}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow a-1\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{-2;-1;1;2\right\}\)
Do \(a\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a\in\left\{0;2;3\right\}\)
Ta có: \(P=\left(\dfrac{3\sqrt{a}}{a+\sqrt{ab}+b}-\dfrac{3a}{a\sqrt{a}-b\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\right):\left(\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}{2a+2\sqrt{ab}+2b}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{3a-3\sqrt{ab}-3a+a+\sqrt{ab}+b}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a+\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}\cdot\dfrac{2\left(a+\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}\cdot\dfrac{2}{a-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{a-1}\)
Để P là số nguyên thì \(a-1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)
hay \(a\in\left\{2;0;3\right\}\)
a: \(A=a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)\)
Vì a;a+1;a+2 là ba số nguyên liên tiếp
nên \(A=a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)⋮3!=6\)
b: \(B=\left(2a-1\right)^3-\left(2a-1\right)\)
\(=\left(2a-1\right)\left[\left(2a-1\right)^2-1\right]\)
\(=\left(2a-1\right)\left(2a-2\right)\cdot2a\)
\(=4a\left(a-1\right)\left(2a-1\right)\)
Vì a;a-1 là hai số liên tiếp nên a(a-1) chia hết cho 2
=>B chia hết cho 8
a, \(a^2\left(a+1\right)+2a\left(a+1\right)\)
\(=a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)\)
Vì \(a,a+1\) là 2 số tự nhiên liên tiếp nên:
\(\Rightarrow a\left(a+1\right)\) chia hết cho \(2\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)\) chia hết cho \(2\)
Vì \(a,a+1,a+2\) là 3 số tự nhiên liên tiếp nên:
\(\Rightarrow a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)\) chia hết cho 3
\(\Rightarrow a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)\) chia hết cho \(2.3\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)\) chia hết cho \(6\left(đpcm\right)\)
b, \(a\left(2a-3\right)-2a\left(a+1\right)\)
\(=a\left[2a-3-2\left(a+1\right)\right]\)
\(=-5a\) chia hết cho \(5\left(đpcm\right)\)
Lời giải:
\(xy+yz+xz=a\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x^2+a=x^2+xy+yz+xz=(x+y)(x+z)\\ y^2+a=y^2+xy+yz+xz=(y+x)(y+z)\\ z^2+a=z^2+xy+yz+xz=(z+x)(z+y)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó:
\(x\sqrt{\frac{(a+y^2)(a+z^2)}{a+x^2}}+y\sqrt{\frac{(a+z^2)(a+x^2)}{a+y^2}}+z\sqrt{\frac{(a+x^2)(a+y^2)}{a+z^2}}\)
\(=x\sqrt{\frac{(y+x)(y+z)(z+x)(z+y)}{(x+y)(x+z)}}+y\sqrt{\frac{(z+x)(z+y)(x+y)(x+z)}{(y+x)(y+z)}}+z\sqrt{\frac{(x+y)(x+z)(y+x)(y+z)}{(z+x)(z+y)}}\)
\(=x(y+z)+y(x+z)+z(x+y)=2(xy+yz+xz)=2a\)
Ta có đpcm.
Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+y^2=xy+yz+zx+y^2=\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\\a+z^2=xy+yz+zx+z^2=\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\\a+x^2=xy+yz+zx+x^2=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do đó :
\(VT=x\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\left(x+z\right)\right)}}+y\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}+z\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\)
\(=x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=2a\) ( đpcm )
a)\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\\ \left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+z^3-3xyz\\ =\left[\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3\right]-\left[3xyz+3xy\left(x+y\right)\right]\\=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-z\left(x+y\right)+z^2\right] \\ =\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-xz-yz+z^2\right)-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\\ =\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-xz-yz+z^2-3xy\right)\\ =\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+x^2-xy-xz-yz\right)\)
Vì \(n\in Z^+\)nên\(n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)>n^3\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}>n\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}+...+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}}>n\)(1)
Lại có:\(n^2+2n+1>n^2+2n\Rightarrow\left(n+1\right)^2>n\left(n+2\right)\Rightarrow\left(n+1\right)^3>n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n+1>\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\\ \Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{n^3+3n^2+3n+1}>\sqrt[3]{n^3+3n^2+2n}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{n^3+3n^2+2n+n+1}>\sqrt[3]{n^3+3n^2+2n+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{\left(n+1\right)^3}>\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}}\)
Tương tự \(\Rightarrow n+1>\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}+...+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:
\(n< \sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}+...+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}}< n+1\)
\(n\in Z^+\)nên n2 < n2 + 2n < n2 + 2n + 1 <=> n2 < n(n + 2) < (n + 1)2 => n3 < n(n + 1)(n + 2) < (n + 1)3
=>\(n< \sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}< n+1\)
=>\(n< \sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}< \sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+n}\)\(< \sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}}< \sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+n+1}\)\(=\sqrt[3]{\left(n+1\right)\left(n^2+2n+1\right)}=\sqrt[3]{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+1\right)^2}=n+1\)
=>\(n< \sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+n}\)
\(< \sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)+\sqrt[3]{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}}}< n+1\)
Tiếp tục như vậy,ta có đpcm.
Xét \(M=\left(2a+1\right)^2+\left(2a+3\right)^2=4a^2+4a+1+4a^2+12a+9=8a^2+16a+10.\)
\(M=8\left(a+1\right)^2+2=2\left(4\left(a+1\right)^2+1\right)\)
4(a + 1)2 + 1 là 1 số lẻ => M chia hết cho 2 mà không chia hết cho 4.
Hay M khi phân tích ra thừa số nguyên tố thì thừa số 2 có số mũ lẻ (=1) nên M không phải là số chính phương.
=> \(\sqrt{M}\)là số vô tỷ, hay \(\sqrt{M}\in I\)đpcm
khó thế