a, b > 0. Chứng minh:\(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}+b^3\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{a}{b}+b\)
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áp dụng bdt côsi \(\dfrac{a^2}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{3}{b}\)
tuông tu \(\dfrac{b^2}{c^3}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{3}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{3}{a}\)
suy ra vt +\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge3\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
suy ra dpcm
dau = xay ra khi a=b=c
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1: \(\Leftrightarrow a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}>=\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\)
=>\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b-\sqrt{ab}\right)>=0\)
=>\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2>=0\)(luôn đúng)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^3}{a+c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a+b}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^4}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^4}{ab+bc}+\dfrac{c^4}{ac+bc}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
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Áp dụng BĐT \(AM-GM\) ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+b^2+b^2\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{a^{15}b^4}{b^9}}=5\dfrac{a^3}{b}\)
\(\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+c^2+c^2\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{b^{15}c^4}{c^9}}=5\dfrac{b^3}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}+a^2+a^2\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{c^{15}a^4}{a^9}}=5\dfrac{c^3}{a}\)
Cộng từng vế của BĐT ta được :
\(3\left(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}\right)+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge5\left(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\right)\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT \(AM-GM\) ta lại có :
\(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+b^2+b^2+b^2\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{a^{10}b^6}{b^6}}=5a^2\)
\(\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+c^2+c^2+c^2\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{b^{10}c^6}{c^6}}=5b^2\)
\(\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}+a^2+a^2+a^2\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{c^{10}a^6}{a^6}}=5c^2\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được :
\(2\left(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}\right)+3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}\right)\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}\right)+2\left(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}\right)\ge3\left(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}\right)+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge5\left(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5\left(\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}\right)\ge5\left(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^5}{b^3}+\dfrac{b^5}{c^3}+\dfrac{c^5}{a^3}\ge\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\left(đpcm\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(VT=a-\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+b-\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+c-\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\)
\(VT=3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2+1\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\c^2+1\ge2\sqrt{c^2}=2c\\a^2+1\ge2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\le\dfrac{ab^2}{2b}=\dfrac{ab}{2}\\\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}\le\dfrac{bc^2}{2c}=\dfrac{bc}{2}\\\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{ca^2}{2a}=\dfrac{ca}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\ge3-\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\) ( 1 )
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}\ge\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}\le3-\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\) ( 2 )
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{bc^2}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{ca^2}{a^2+1}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}+\dfrac{b}{c^2+1}+\dfrac{c}{a^2+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM:
\(a^3+1+1\ge3a\);
\(\dfrac{b^3}{a^3}+1+1\ge3.\dfrac{b}{a}\);
\(\dfrac{1}{b^3}+1+1\ge3.\dfrac{1}{b}\);
\(2a+2.\dfrac{b}{a}+2.\dfrac{1}{b}\ge6\).
Cộng vế với vế các bđt trên rồi rút gọn ta có đpcm.
\(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+1+1\ge\dfrac{3}{a}\) ; \(\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}+1+1\ge\dfrac{3a}{b}\) ; \(b^3+1+1\ge3b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}+b^3+6\ge3\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{a}{b}+b\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{a}{b}+b\right)+2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{a}{b}+b\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}+b^3+6\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{a}{b}+b+2.3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{ab}{ab}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}+b^3\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{a}{b}+b\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=1\)