Cho \(\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{y}=10\). Chứng minh x+y\(\ge\) 20
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ta có: \(\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{y}=10=>\left(\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{y}\right)^2=100\)
áp dụng BDT Bunhia
\(\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{y}\le\sqrt{\left(1+2^2\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=>100\le5\left(x+y\right)=>x+y\ge\dfrac{100}{5}=20\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki , ta có : \(10^2=\left(1.\sqrt{x}+2.\sqrt{y}\right)^2\le\left(1^2+2^2\right)\left(x+y\right)=5\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\ge\frac{100}{5}=20\Rightarrow x+y\ge20\)
Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopxki ta có:
\(A^2=\left(\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{y}\right)^2\le\left(1^2+2^2\right)\left(x+y\right)=5\left(x+y\right)\)(1)
thay \(\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{y}=10\)vào 1 ta đc \(10^2\le5\left(x+y\right)< =>x+y\ge20\)
\(\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{y}=10=>\left(\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{y}\right)^2=100\)
BDT Bunhiacopxki (đề sai phải lớn hơn bằng 20)
\(=>\left(\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{y}\right)^2\le\left(1^2+2^2\right)\left(x+y\right)=5\left(x+y\right)\)
\(< =>5\left(x+y\right)\ge100=>x+y\ge20\)
a) Giả sử \(x^2-xy+y^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\ge\frac{1}{3}.3\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\ge x^2+xy+y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-3xy+3y^2-x^2-xy-y^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-4xy+2y^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng với mọi \(x,y\in R\)).
Dấu bằng xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow x=y\).
Vậy \(x^2-xy+y^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)với \(x,y\in R\).
Đặt \(A=\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}+\frac{y\sqrt{y}}{y+\sqrt{yz}+z}+\frac{z\sqrt{z}}{z+\sqrt{zx}+x}\left(x,y,z>0\right)\)
Và đặt \(B=\frac{y\sqrt{y}}{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}+\frac{z\sqrt{z}}{y+\sqrt{yz}+z}+\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{z+\sqrt{zx}+x}\left(x,y,z>0\right)\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=m,\sqrt{y}=n,\sqrt{z}=p\left(m,n,p>0\right)\)thì theo đề bài : \(m+n+p=2\)
Lúc đó:
\(A=\frac{m^2.m}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^2.n}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^2.p}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
\(A=\frac{m^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
Và \(B=\frac{n^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{p^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{m^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
Xét hiệu \(A-B=\frac{m^3-n^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^3-p^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^3-m^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A-B=\frac{\left(m-n\right)\left(m^2+mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{\left(n-p\right)\left(n^2+np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\)\(+\frac{\left(p-m\right)\left(p^2+pm+m^2\right)}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A-B=\left(m-n\right)+\left(n-p\right)+\left(p-m\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A-B=m-n+n-p+p-m=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=B\)
Xét \(A+B=\frac{m^3+n^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^3+p^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^3+m^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A+A=2A=\frac{\left(m+n\right)\left(m^2-mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+m+n^2}+\frac{\left(n+p\right)\left(n^2-np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\)\(\frac{\left(p+m\right)\left(p^2-pm+m^2\right)}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)
Theo câu a), ta có \(x^2-xy+y^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)với \(x,y\in R\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(1\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức (1) (với \(m,n>0\)), ta được:
\(\frac{m^2-mn+n^2}{m^2+mn+n^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(m+n\right)\left(m^2-mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+mn+n^2}\ge\frac{m+n}{3}\left(2\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow m=n>0\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(\frac{\left(n+p\right)\left(n^2-np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\ge\frac{n+p}{3}\left(3\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow n=p>0\)
\(\frac{\left(p+m\right)\left(p^2-pm+m^2\right)}{p^2+pm+m^2}\ge\frac{p+m}{2}\left(4\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow p=m>0\)
Từ \(\left(2\right),\left(3\right),\left(4\right)\), ta được:
\(\frac{\left(m+n\right)\left(m^2-mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{\left(n+p\right)\left(n^2-np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\)\(+\frac{\left(p+m\right)\left(p^2-pm+m^2\right)}{p^2-pm+m^2}\ge\frac{m+n}{3}+\frac{n+p}{3}+\frac{p+m}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A\ge\frac{m+n+n+p+p+m}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A\ge\frac{2\left(m+n+p\right)}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\frac{m+n+p}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\frac{2}{3}\)(vì \(m+n+p=2\)) (điều phải chứng minh).
Dấu bằng xảy ra.
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}m=n=p>0\\m+n+p=2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow m=n=p=\frac{2}{3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{y}=\sqrt{z}=\frac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{4}{9}\)
Vậy nếu \(x,y,z>0\) và \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}=2\)thì: \(\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}+\frac{y\sqrt{y}}{y+\sqrt{yz}+z}+\frac{z\sqrt{z}}{z+\sqrt{zx}+x}\ge\frac{2}{3}\).
a)Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2=x+y+2\sqrt{xy}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\cdot2\sqrt{xy}}=VP\)
Xảy ra khi \(x=y\)
b)\(BDT\Leftrightarrow x+y+z+t\ge4\sqrt[4]{xyzt}\)
Đúng với AM-GM 4 số
Xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=t\)
Áp dụng bđt Mincopxki:
\(\sqrt{x^2+1}+\sqrt{y^2+1}+\sqrt{z^2+1}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(1+1+1\right)^2}=\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+9}\)
\(AM-GM:\left(x+y+z\right)^2+9\ge2\sqrt{9\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=6\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+9}\ge\sqrt{6\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+1}+\sqrt{y^2+1}+\sqrt{z^2+1}\ge\sqrt{6\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
Cách dùng C-S:
\(VT=\sum\limits_{cyc} \sqrt{x^2+1}=\sqrt{x^2 +y^2 +z^2 +3 +2\sum\limits_{cyc} \sqrt{(x^2+1)(y^2+1)}}\)
\(\geq \sqrt{x^2 +y^2 +z^2 +3 +2\sum\limits_{cyc} (xy+1)}\)\(=\sqrt{\left(x+y+z-3\right)^2+6\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge\sqrt{6\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Xét \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{y}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1=\dfrac{x-1}{x}+\dfrac{y-1}{y}+\dfrac{z-1}{z}\)
Áp dụng bđt Bunhiacopxki có:
\(x+y+z=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{x-1}{x}+\dfrac{y-1}{y}+\dfrac{z-1}{1}\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}+\sqrt{z-1}\right)^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+y+z}\ge\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}+\sqrt{z-1}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z=1,5Tự đăng câu hỏi xong tự trả lời (T-T)
\(VT=\sum\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)
\(VT\ge\sum\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2}=\sqrt{\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
\(VT\ge\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(x+y\right)+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(y+z\right)+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(z+x\right)=\sqrt{3}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
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