Cho m gam CaCO3 tác dụng vừa đủ 50 gam dung dịch HCL 3,65% thì thu được V lít khí CO2 dkc
a/ Tính m?
b/ Tính V?
c/ Tính khối lượng muối tạo thành
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1)
a)
$CaO + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + H_2O$
$CaCO_3 + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O$
$n_{CaCO_3} = n_{CO_2} = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{CaCl_2} = 0,3(mol)$
Suy ra:
$n_{CaO} = 0,3 - 0,2 = 0,1(mol)$
$\%m_{CaO} = \dfrac{0,1.56}{0,1.56 + 0,2.100}.100\% = 21,875\%$
$\%m_{CaCO_3} = 78,125\%$
b)
$m_{dd} = 0,1.56 + 0,2.100 + 50 - 0,2.44 = 66,8(gam)$
$C\%_{CaCl_2} = \dfrac{33,3}{66,8}.100\% = 49,85\%$
Câu 4 :
a)
Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{MgO} = b(mol)$
Suy ra: $56a + 40b = 19,2(1)$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$MgO + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2O$
Theo PTHH : $n_{HCl} = 2a + 2b = 0,4.2 = 0,8(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = b = 0,2
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{19,2}.100\% = 58,33\%$
$\%m_{MgO} = 100\% -58,33\% = 41,67\%$
b)
$n_{FeCl_2} = a = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{MgCl_2} = b = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{muối} = 0,2.127 + 0,2.95 = 44,4(gam)$
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{33,3}{111}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
0,2_____0,4_____0,2____0,2_____0,2 (mol)
\(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\)
0,1_____0,2_____0,1____0,1 (mol)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaO}=0,1\cdot56=5,6\left(g\right)\\m_{CaCO_3}=0,2\cdot100=20\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CaO}=\dfrac{5,6}{5,6+20}\cdot100\%=21,875\%\\\%m_{CaCO_3}=78,125\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{CO_2}=0,2\cdot44=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{CaO}+m_{CaCO_3}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{CO_2}=66,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{33,3}{66,8}\cdot100\%\approx49,85\%\)
nCO2=\(\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\) mol
nCaCl2=\(\dfrac{33,3}{111}=0,3\)
CaCO2 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
0,2 ← 0,2 ← 0,2
CaO + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O
0,1 ← 0,1
a) % CaO=\(\dfrac{0,1.56}{0,1.56+0,2.100}.100\%=21,875\%\)
% CaCO3 =100% - 21,875%= 78,125%
b) a = mCaO+mCaCO3 =0,1.56+0,2.100=25,6g
mdd sau pư= a + mddHCl - mCO2
= 25,6 + 50 - 0,2.44=66,8g
C%CaCl2=\(\dfrac{33,3}{66,8}.100\%\simeq49,85\%\)
$n_{CaO} = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{HCl} = 0,2V(mol) ; n_{HNO_3} = 0,2V(mol)$
$CaO + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + H_2O$
$CaO + 2HNO_3 \to Ca(NO_3)_2 + H_2O$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{axit} = 0,2V + 0,2V = 2n_{CaO} = 0,4 \Rightarrow V = 1(lít)$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2O} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{axit} = 0,2(mol)$
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
$m_{muối} = 11,2 + 0,2.63 + 0,2.36,5 - 0,2.18 = 27,5(gam)$
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=2.0,15=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ a,m=m_{Zn}=0,15.65=9,75\left(g\right)\\ b,C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,15}=0,2\left(l\right)\\ c,m_{ZnCl_2}=0,15.136=20,4\left(g\right)\)
a+b) PTHH: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{10}{100}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{HCl}=0,2\cdot36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\\V_{CO_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{50\cdot40\%}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Tạo muối trung hòa, bazơ dư, tính theo CO2
Bảo toàn Cacbon: \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1\cdot106=10,6\left(g\right)\)
nCaCO3=\(\dfrac{100}{100}\)=1mol; nNaOH=\(\dfrac{60}{40}\)=1,5mol
CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 ↑ + H2O
1mol → 1mol
Vì 1 < \(\dfrac{nNaOH}{nCO2}\)=1,51=1,5< 2 ⇒Tạo thành 2 muối
CO2 + NaOH → NaHCO3
x x x (mol)
CO2 + 2NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O
y 2y y (mol)
Ta có hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\x+2y=1,5\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ x=y=0,5mol
mNaHCO3= 84.0,5 = 42 (gam); mNa2CO3= 106.0,5 = 53 (gam)
Khối lượng muối thu được:
mmuối = mNaHCO3 +mNa2CO3 = 42 + 53 = 95 (gam).
Đặt số mol Na2CO3, NaHCO3 lần lượt là x, y mol → 106x + 84y= 100 (gam) 2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3+ CO2+ H2O ymol y/2 mol → mNa2CO3= (x+y/2).106= 69 gam Giải hệ trên ta có x= 8/53 mol; y= 1mol → %mNa2CO3= 16%; %mNaHCO3= 84%
\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{50\cdot3,65}{100}=1,825g\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,05mol\)
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)
0,025 0,05 0,025 0,025
\(m=0,025\cdot100=2,5g\)
\(V=0,025\cdot22,4=0,56l\)
\(m_m=0,025\cdot111=2,775g\)
$a)$
$n_{HCl}=\dfrac{50.3,65\%}{36,5}=0,05(mol)$
$CaCO_3+2HCl\to CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O$
Theo PT: $n_{CaCO_3}=0,025(mol)$
$\to m=0,025.100=2,5(g)$
$b)$
Theo PT: $n_{CO_2}=0,025(mol)$
$\to V=0,025.22,4=0,56(l)$
$c)$
Theo PT: $n_{CaCl_2}=0,025(mol)$
$\to m_{muối}=0,025.111=2,775(g)$