Cho x,y,z khác 0 \(\frac{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=a^2+b^2+c^2\)chứng minh rằng \(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\)
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\(\text{Áp dụng BĐT Bunhia... cho 2 bộ số (a;b;c) và (x;y;z), ta có: }\)
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
\(\text{Dấu = xảy ra }\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\text{(đpcm)}\)
Chả biết có đúng không '-'
Sửa lại đề:\(\left(ax+by+cz\right)\rightarrow\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
Ta có:\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2x^2+a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2+c^2z^2\)\(=a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2axby+2bycz+2axcz\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2-2aybx-2bzcy-2azcx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2=0\)
Vì\(\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\left(bz-cy\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\left(az-cx\right)^2\ge0\)
Suy ra:\(\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2\ge0\)
Mà\(\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}ay-bx=0\\bz-cy=0\\az-cx=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}ay=bx\\bz=cy\\az=cx\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}\\\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\\\frac{a}{x}=\frac{c}{z}\end{cases}}\)\(\left(x,y,z\ne0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Vậy...
Linz
Đặt \(A=\frac{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}{ab\left(x-y\right)^2+bc\left(y-z\right)^2+cz\left(z-x\right)}\)
Từ ax+by+cz=0
=>(ax+by+cz)2=0
=>a2x2+b2y2+c2z2+2axby+2bycz+2czax=0
=>a2x2+b2y2+c2z2=-2(ax+by+byca+czax)
Xét mẫu thức: \(ab\left(x-y\right)^2+bc\left(y-z\right)^2+ca\left(z-x\right)^2\)
\(=ab\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+bc\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+ca\left(z^2-2zx+x^2\right)\)
\(=abx^2-2abxy+aby^2+bcy^2-2bcyz+bcz^2+caz^2-2cazx+cax^2\)
\(=\left(abx^2+bcz^2\right)+\left(aby^2+acz^2\right)+\left(acx^2+bcy^2\right)-2\left(abxy+bcyz+cazx\right)\)
\(=\left(aby^2+acz^2\right)+\left(abx^2+bcz^2\right)+\left(acx^2+bcy^2\right)+a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2\)
\(=\left(a^2x^2+aby^2+acz^2\right)+\left(abx^2+b^2y^2+bcz^2\right)+\left(acx^2+bcy^2+c^2z^2\right)\)
\(=a\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)+b\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)+c\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)\)
Do đó: \(A=\frac{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}=\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2018}}=2018\) (dpcm)
\(\frac{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=a^2x^2+a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2+c^2z^2\)
Mà \(\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2x^2+2abxy+2acxz+2bcyz\)
Nên \(a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2=2abxy+2acxz+2bcyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2-2abxy-2acxz-2bcyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2y^2-2abxy+b^2x^2\right)+\left(a^2z^2-2acxz+c^2x^2\right)+\left(b^2z^2-2bcyz+c^2y^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}ay-bx=0\\az-cx=0\\bz-cy=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}ay=bx\\az=cx\\bz=cy\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}\\\frac{a}{x}=\frac{c}{z}\\\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\) (đpcm)
10. a)
\(\frac{x^4}{a}+\frac{y^4}{b}=\frac{1}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^4}{a}+\frac{y^4}{b}=\frac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(x^4+y^4\right)=ab\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\left(bx^2-ay^2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow bx^2=ay^2\)
b) Từ \(ay^2=bx^2\Rightarrow\frac{y^2}{b}=\frac{x^2}{a}=\frac{x^2+y^2}{a+b}=\frac{1}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^{2008}}{a^{1004}}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^{1004}}\); \(\frac{y^{2008}}{b^{1004}}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^{1004}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^{2008}}{a^{1004}}+\frac{y^{2008}}{b^{1004}}=\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^{1004}}\)
25. Ta có \(\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2=-2\left(abxy+bcyz+acxz\right)\)
Xét mẫu số của P : \(bc\left(y-z\right)^2+ac\left(x-z\right)^2+ab\left(x-y\right)^2=bc\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+ac\left(x^2-2xz+z^2\right)+ab\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=y^2bc-2bcyz+bcz^2+acx^2-2xzac+acz^2+abx^2-2abxy+aby^2\)
\(=y^2bc+bcz^2+acx^2+acz^2+abx^2+aby^2-2\left(abxy+xzac+bcyz\right)\)
\(=y^2bc+bcz^2+acx^2+acz^2+abx^2+aby^2+a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2\)
\(=c\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)+b\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)+a\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}=\frac{1}{2007}\)
8. \(\frac{x^3}{a^3}+\frac{y^3}{b^3}=\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}\right)^3-3.\frac{xy}{ab}\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}\right)=1^3-3.\left(-2\right).1=7\)
nhân lên rồi áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopxki
\(\frac{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)+c^2\)
Khai triển và rút gọn ta được:
\(2abxy+2acxz+2bcyz=a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2\)
Gom các hạng tử lai thành hằng đẳng thức:
\(\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2+\left(cy-bz\right)^2=0\)
Mà bình phương của các số thì \(\ge\)0 nó chỉ bằng 0 khi và chỉ khi từng hạng tử =0
nên: \(\hept{\begin{cases}ay-bx=0\\az-cx=0\\cy-bz=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}ay=bx\rightarrow\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}\\az=cx\rightarrow\frac{a}{x}=\frac{c}{z}\\cy=bz\rightarrow\frac{c}{z}=\frac{b}{y}\end{cases}}}\)
=>Đpcm