Cho a,b,c >0 thỏa mãn abc=1. Tìm min A=\(\dfrac{a^{2013}+b^{2013}+c^{2013}}{a^{2012}+b^{2012}+c^{2012}}\)
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Đề \(\Rightarrow a^{2014}+b^{2014}-2\left(a^{2013}+b^{2013}\right)+a^{2012}+b^{2012}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^{2012}\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+b^{2012}\left(b^2-2b+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^{2012}\left(a-1\right)^2+b^{2012}\left(b-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a=0\text{ hoặc }a=1\right)\text{ và }\left(b=0\text{ hoặc }b=1\right)\)
\(+a=0\text{ hoặc }a=1\text{ thì }a^{2014}=a^{2010}\)
\(+b=0\text{ hoặc }b=1\text{ thì }b^{2014}=b^{2010}\)
Suy ra \(a^{2014}+b^{2014}=a^{2010}+b^{2010}\)
Bài 3.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\left(a+b+c\right)=-\dfrac{1}{24}\left(1\right)\\c\left(a+b+c\right)=-\dfrac{1}{72}\left(2\right)\\b\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{1}{16}\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Dễ thấy \(a,b,c\ne0\Rightarrow a+b+c\ne0\)
Chia (1) cho (2), ta được \(\dfrac{a}{c}=3\Rightarrow a=3c\left(4\right)\)
Chia (2) cho (3) ta được: \(\dfrac{c}{b}=-\dfrac{2}{9}\Rightarrow b=-\dfrac{9}{2}c\left(5\right)\).
Thay (4), (5) vào (2), ta được: \(-\dfrac{1}{2}c^2=-\dfrac{1}{72}\)
\(\Rightarrow c=\pm\dfrac{1}{6}\).
Với \(c=\dfrac{1}{6}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3c=\dfrac{1}{2}\\b=-\dfrac{9}{2}c=-\dfrac{3}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(c=-\dfrac{1}{6}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3c=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\b=-\dfrac{9}{2}c=\dfrac{3}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left\{\left(\dfrac{1}{2};-\dfrac{3}{4};\dfrac{1}{6}\right);\left(-\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{3}{4};-\dfrac{1}{6}\right)\right\}\)
\(a^{2013}+b^{2013}=a^{2012}+b^{2012}\Rightarrow a^{2012}\left(a-1\right)+b^{2012}\left(b-1\right)=0\) (1)
\(a^{2014}+b^{2014}=a^{2013}+b^{2013}\Rightarrow a^{2013}\left(a-1\right)+b^{2013}\left(b-1\right)=0\) (2)
Trừ vế cho vế của (2) cho (1):
\(\left(a-1\right)\left(a^{2013}-a^{2012}\right)+\left(b-1\right)\left(b^{2013}-b^{2012}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^{2012}\left(a-1\right)^2+b^{2012}\left(b-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^{2012}\left(a-1\right)^2=0\\b^{2012}\left(b-1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-1=0\\b-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a=b=1\) (do \(a;b>0\))
\(\Rightarrow P=1+1=2\)
Lời giải:
Đặt $\frac{a}{2012}=\frac{b}{2013}=\frac{c}{2014}=k$
$\Rightarrow a=2012k; b=2013k; c=2014k$. Khi đó:
$A=4(a-b)(b-c)(c-a)=4(2012k-2013k)(2013k-2014k)(2014k-2012k)$
$=4(-k)(-k)(2k)=8k^3$
ta có \(a^{2012}+b^{2012}=a^{2013}+b^{2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^{2012}-a^{2013}+b^{2012}_{ }-b^{2013}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^{2012}\left(1-a\right)+b^{2012}\left(1-b\right)=0\)\(\left(1\right)\)
tương tự \(a^{2013}+b^{2013}=a^{2014}+b^{2014}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^{2013}\left(1-a\right)+b^{2013}\left(1-b\right)=0\)\(\left(2\right)\)
trừ (1) cho (2)
ta có \(\left(a^{2012}-a^{2013}\right)\left(1-a\right)\)\(+\left(b^{2012}-b^{2013}\right)\left(1-b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^{2012}\left(1-a\right)^2+b^{2012}\left(1-b\right)^2=0\)
mà\(a^{2012}\left(1-a\right)^2\ge0;b^{2012}\left(1-b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=1;b=1\)
\(\Rightarrow M=20\times1+11\times1+2013=2044\)
Ta có:
{ ( 2012 + 2013 ) X ( 2012 + 2013).....( 2012 + 2013) }
2012 cặp số
{ 4025 X 4025 X.........X4025}
2012 số 4025
{ ( 4025 : 5 ) X ( 4025 : 5 ) X.............X ( 4025 :5) }
2012 cặp số
Vì 4025 có chữ số tận cùng là 5 mà số có chữ số tận cùng là 0 và 5 chia hết cho 5 nên dư 0 mà 0 X 0 = 0 nên dư 0
Vậy ( A + B ) chia cho 5 dư 0
\(a^{2012}+b^{2012}+c^{2012}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^{2012}}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^{2012}+b^{2012}+c^{2012}}\le\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\dfrac{1}{a^{2012}+b^{2012}+c^{2012}}\ge-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Lại có:
\(a^{2013}+a^{2013}+...+a^{2013}\left(\text{2012 số hạng}\right)+1\ge2013\sqrt[2013]{\left(a^{2013}\right)^{2012}}=2013.a^{2012}\)
\(\Rightarrow2012.a^{2013}+1\ge2013.a^{2012}\)
Tương tự: \(2012.b^{2013}+1\ge2013.b^{2012}\) ; \(2012.c^{2013}+1\ge2013.c^{2012}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\Rightarrow a^{2013}+b^{2013}+c^{2013}\ge\dfrac{2013\left(a^{2012}+b^{2012}+c^{2012}\right)-3}{2012}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{2013\left(a^{2012}+b^{2012}+c^{2012}\right)-3}{2012\left(a^{2012}+b^{2012}+c^{2012}\right)}=\dfrac{2013}{2012}-\dfrac{3}{2012}.\dfrac{1}{a^{2012}+b^{2012}+c^{2012}}\ge\dfrac{2013}{2012}-\dfrac{3}{2012}.\dfrac{1}{3}=1\)
\(A_{min}=1\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)