Giải các phương trình sau:
a, x2 - 9x +20 = 0
b, x2 - 3x - 18 = 0
c, 2x2 - 9 x + 9 = 0
d, 3x2 - 8x + 4 = 0
e, 3x3 - 6x2 - 9x = 0
f, x(x - 5) - 2 + x = 0
g, x3 + 32 + 6x +8 = 0
h, 2x(x - 2) - 2 + x = 0
i, 5x(1 - x) + x - 1 = 0
k, 4 - 9(x - 1)2 = 0
l, (x - 2)2 - 36(x + 3)2 = 0
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a. (3x - 1)2 - (x + 3)2 = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-1+x+3\right)\left(3x-1-x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4x+2\right)\left(2x-4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x+2=0\) hoặc \(2x-4=0\)
1. \(4x+2=0\Leftrightarrow4x=-2\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
2. \(2x-4=0\Leftrightarrow2x=4\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
S=\(\left\{-\dfrac{1}{2};2\right\}\)
b. \(x^3=\dfrac{x}{49}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow49x^3=x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow49x^3-x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(49x^2-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(7x+1\right)\left(7x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=0\) hoặc \(7x+1=0\) hoặc \(7x-1=0\)
1. x=0
2. \(7x+1=0\Leftrightarrow7x=-1\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{7}\)
3. \(7x-1=0\Leftrightarrow7x=1\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{7}\)
a) \(\left(3x-2\right)\left(4x+5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x-2=0\\4x+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\x=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(S=\left\{\dfrac{2}{3};-\dfrac{5}{4}\right\}\)
b) \(\left(2,3x-6,9\right)\left(0,1x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2,3x-6,9=0\\0,1x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-20\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(\left(4x+2\right)\left(x^2+1\right)=0\)
Vì \(x^2+1\ge1>0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow4x+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy: \(S=\left\{-\dfrac{1}{2}\right\}\)
d) \(\left(2x+7\right)\left(x-5\right)\left(5x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+7=0\\x-5=0\\5x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{7}{2}\\x=5\\x=-\dfrac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(S=\left\{-\dfrac{7}{2};5;-\dfrac{1}{5}\right\}\)
e) \(\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+7\right)\left(x^2+2\right)=0\)
Vì \(x^2+2\ge2>0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+7\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\2x+7=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-\dfrac{7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
f) \(\left(3x+2\right)\left(x^2-1\right)=\left(9x^2-4\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)-\left(3x-2\right)\left(3x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(3x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)\right].\left(x-1-3x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x^2+5x+2\right)\left(-2x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x^2+3x+2x+2\right)\left(-2x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[3x\left(x+1\right)+2\left(x+1\right)\right]\left(-2x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(3x+2\right)\left(-2x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\3x+2=0\\-2x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=-\dfrac{2}{3}\\x=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(S=\left\{-1;-\dfrac{2}{3};\dfrac{1}{2}\right\}\)
a) Phương trình bậc hai
2 x 2 – 7 x + 3 = 0
Có: a = 2; b = -7; c = 3;
Δ = b 2 – 4 a c = ( - 7 ) 2 – 4 . 2 . 3 = 25 > 0
Áp dụng công thức nghiệm, phương trình có hai nghiệm phân biệt là:
Vậy phương trình có hai nghiệm là 3 và
b) Phương trình bậc hai 6 x 2 + x + 5 = 0
Có a = 6; b = 1; c = 5;
Δ = b 2 – 4 a c = 12 – 4 . 5 . 6 = - 119 < 0
Vậy phương trình vô nghiệm.
c) Phương trình bậc hai 6 x 2 + x – 5 = 0
Có a = 6; b = 1; c = -5;
Δ = b 2 – 4 a c = 12 – 4 . 6 . ( - 5 ) = 121 > 0
Áp dụng công thức nghiệm, phương trình có hai nghiệm phân biệt là:
Vậy phương trình có hai nghiệm là -1 và
d) Phương trình bậc hai 3 x 2 + 5 x + 2 = 0
Có a = 3; b = 5; c = 2;
Δ = b 2 – 4 a c = 5 2 – 4 . 3 . 2 = 1 > 0
Áp dụng công thức nghiệm, phương trình có hai nghiệm phân biệt là:
Vậy phương trình có hai nghiệm là -1 và
e) Phương trình bậc hai y 2 – 8 y + 16 = 0
Có a = 1; b = -8; c = 16; Δ = b 2 – 4 a c = ( - 8 ) 2 – 4 . 1 . 16 = 0 .
Áp dụng công thức nghiệm ta có phương trình có nghiệm kép :
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm kép y = 4.
f) Phương trình bậc hai 16 z 2 + 24 z + 9 = 0
Có a = 16; b = 24; c = 9; Δ = b 2 – 4 a c = 24 2 – 4 . 16 . 9 = 0
Áp dụng công thức nghiệm ta có phương trình có nghiệm kép:
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm kép
Kiến thức áp dụng
Phương trình ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a ≠ 0) có biệt thức Δ = b2 – 4ac.
+ Nếu Δ > 0, phương trình có hai nghiệm phân biệt
+ Nếu Δ = 0, phương trình có nghiệm kép ;
+ Nếu Δ < 0, phương trình vô nghiệm.
\(a,\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b,\left(x-2\right)\left(x-5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(c,\left(x+3\right)\left(x-5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+3=0\\x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(d,\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(4x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{2}=0\\4x+4=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{2}=0\\4\left(x+1\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(e,\left(x-4\right)\left(5x-10\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-4=0\\5x-10=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(f,\left(2x-1\right)\left(3x+6\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=0\\3x+6=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
`a,(x-1)(x+2)=0`
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
`b,(x -2)(x -5)=0`
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
`c,(x +3)(x -5)=0`
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+3=0\\x-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
`d,(x + 1/2)(4x + 4)=0`
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{2}=0\\4x+4=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\4x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
`e,(x -4)(5x -10)=0`
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-4=0\\5x-10=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\5x=10\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
`f,(2x -1)(3x +6)=0`
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=0\\3x+6=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=1\\3x=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
`g,(2,3x -6,9)(0,1x -2)=0`
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2,3x-6,9=0\\0,1x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2,3x=6,9\\0,1x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=20\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, \(\Leftrightarrow\left(9x^2-4\right)\left(x+1\right)-\left(3x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(\left(9x^2-4\right)-\left(\left(3x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)\right)\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(9x^2-4-\left(3x^2-x-2\right)\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(9x^2-4-3x^2+x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(3x^2+x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)=0;3x^2+x-2=0\)
=> x=-1
với \(3x^2+x-2=0\)
ta sử dụng công thức bậc 2 suy ra : \(x=\dfrac{2}{3};x=-1\)
Vậy ghiệm của pt trên \(S\in\left\{-1;\dfrac{2}{3}\right\}\)
b: \(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1-1+x^2=x+3-x^2-3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-2x=-x^2-2x+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2=3\)
hay \(x\in\left\{1;-1\right\}\)
c: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-2\right)\left(x+5\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x-3-x^2-3x+10\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(-5x+7\right)=0\)
hay \(x\in\left\{1;-2;\dfrac{7}{5}\right\}\)
f: Ta có: \(x\left(2x-9\right)-4x+18=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-9\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{9}{2}\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
g: Ta có: \(4x\left(x-1000\right)-x+1000=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1000\right)\left(4x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1000\\x=\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
f. x(2x - 9) - 4x + 18 = 0
<=> x(2x - 9) - 2(2x - 9) = 0
<=> (x - 2)(2x - 9) = 0
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\2x-9=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=\dfrac{9}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
g. 4x(x - 1000) - x + 1000 = 0
<=> 4x(x - 1000) - (x - 1000) = 0
<=> (4x - 1)(x - 1000) = 0
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}4x-1=0\\x-1000=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{4}\\x=1000\end{matrix}\right.\)
h. 2x(x - 4) - 6x2(-x + 4) = 0
<=> 2x(x - 4) + 6x2(x - 4) = 0
<=> (2x + 6x2)(x - 4) = 0
<=> 2x(1 + 3x)(x - 4) = 0
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=0\\1+3x=0\\x-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=\dfrac{-1}{3}\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
i. 2x(x - 3) + x2 - 9 = 0
<=> 2x(x - 3) + (x - 3)(x + 3) = 0
<=> (2x + x + 3)(x - 3) = 0
<=> (3x + 3)(x + 3) = 0
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x+3=0\\x+3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
j. 9x - 6x2 + x3 = 0
<=> x(9 - 6x + x2) = 0
<=> x(3 - x)2 = 0
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\3-x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2:
a: =>2x^2-4x+1=x^2+x+5
=>x^2-5x-4=0
=>\(x=\dfrac{5\pm\sqrt{41}}{2}\)
b: =>11x^2-14x-12=3x^2+4x-7
=>8x^2-18x-5=0
=>x=5/2 hoặc x=-1/4
\(a)x^2-9x+20=0 \\<=>(x-4)(x-5)=0 \\<=>x=4\ hoặc\ x=5 \\b)x^2-3x-18=0 \\<=>(x+3)(x-6)=0 \\<=>x=-3\ hoặc\ x=6 \\c)2x^2-9x+9=0 \\<=>(x-3)(2x-3)=0 \\<=>x=3\ hoặc\ x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
d: \(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-6x-2x+4=0\)
=>(x-2)(3x-2)=0
=>x=2 hoặc x=2/3
e: \(\Leftrightarrow3x\left(x^2-2x-3\right)=0\)
=>x(x-3)(x+1)=0
hay \(x\in\left\{0;3;-1\right\}\)
f: \(\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x-2+x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2=6\)
hay \(x\in\left\{\sqrt{6}+2;-\sqrt{6}+2\right\}\)