Thực hiện các chuỗi sau
MnO2 -> Cl2 -> HCl -> NaCl -> Cl2 -> AlCl3 -> Al(OH)3 -> AlCl3 -> AgCl
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a) Các PTHH:
(1) 2 Fe +3 Cl2 -to-> 2 FeCl3
(2) FeCl3 + 3 NaOH -> Fe(OH)3 +3 NaCl
(3) 2 Fe(OH)3 -to-> Fe2O3 + 3 H2O
(4) Fe2O3 + 3 CO -to-> 2 Fe + 3 CO2
(5) Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
(6) FeCl2 + 2 AgNO3 -> Fe(NO3)2 + 2 AgCl
b) Các PTHH:
(1) MnO2 + 4 HCl(đặc) -to-> MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2 H2O
(2) 3 Cl2 + 2 Fe -to-> 2 FeCl3
(3) FeCl3 + 3 NaOH -> Fe(OH)3 + 3 NaCl
(4) NaCl + H2O -ddpdddcmnx-> NaOH + 1/2 H2 + 1/2 Cl2
(5) Cl2 + Cu -to-> CuCl2
(6) CuCl2 + 2 AgNO3 -> Cu(NO3)2 + 2 AgCl
c) Các PTHH:
(1) 4 Al + 3 O2 -to-> 2 Al2O3
(2) Al2O3 + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2O
(3) AlCl3 + 3 KOH -> 3 KCl + Al(OH)3
(4) 2 Al(OH)3 -to-> Al2O3 +3 H2O
(5) 2 Al2O3 -đpnc-> 4 Al + 3 O2
1,
\(4HCl+MnO_2\rightarrow MnCl_2+2H_2O+Cl_2\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2FeCl_3\\ FeCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\\ 2NaCl+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2HCl\uparrow\\ CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\\ CuCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow2AgCl\downarrow+Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2\)
2,
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+8H_2O+5Cl_2+2MnCl_2\\ Cl_2+H_2\underrightarrow{as}2HCl\\ 6HCl+Fe_2O_3\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\\ FeCl_3+3AgNO_3\rightarrow3AgCl\downarrow+Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3\\ 2AgCl\underrightarrow{as}2Ag+Cl_2\\ Cl_2+2NaBr\rightarrow2NaCl+Br_2\\ Br_2+2NaI\rightarrow2NaBr+I_2\)
3,
2 pthh đầu giống ở 2
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ FeCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow2AgCl\downarrow+Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2\\ 2AgCl\underrightarrow{as}2Ag+Cl_2\)
4, 2 pthh đầu gióng ở 1
\(FeCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\\ 2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
Câu 2:
\(3Cl_2+6KOH\underrightarrow{t^o}5KCl+KClO_3+3H_2O\)
\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\uparrow\)
\(KCl_{\left(r\right)}+H_2SO_{4\left(đ/n\right)}\rightarrow KHSO_4+HCl\uparrow\)
\(MnO_2+4HCl\underrightarrow{t^o}MnCl_2+Cl_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)
\(Ca+Cl_2\rightarrow CaCl_2\)
\(CaCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\downarrow\)
Câu 3:
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2MnCl_2+2KCl+5Cl_2\uparrow+8H_2O\)
\(H_2+Cl_2\underrightarrow{as}2HCl\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
\(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\)
\(NaCl_{\left(r\right)}+H_2SO_{4\left(đ/n\right)}\rightarrow NaHSO_4+HCl\uparrow\)
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
\(CuCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\downarrow\)
\(2AgCl\underrightarrow{as}2Ag+Cl_2\uparrow\)
Câu 2:
\(\left(1\right)3Cl_2+6KOH\overset{t^o}{--->}5KCl+KClO_3+3H_2O\)
\(\left(2\right)2KClO_3\overset{t^o}{--->}2KCl+3O_2\uparrow\)
\(\left(3\right)\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\)
\(\left(4\right)4HCl+MnO_2--->MnCl_2+2H_2O+Cl_2\uparrow\)
\(\left(5\right)Cl_2+Ca\overset{t^o}{--->}CaCl_2\)
\(\left(6\right)CaCl_2+2AgNO_3--->Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\downarrow\)
\(a,2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ b,2Fe(OH)_3+3H_2SO_4\to Fe_2(SO_4)_3+6H_2O\\ c,2Al+3Cl_2\xrightarrow{t^o}2AlCl_3\\ d,Na+H_2O\to NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
a)
\(4HCl+MnO_2\rightarrow MnCl_2+Cl_2+2H_2O\)
\(2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow2FeCl_3\)
\(FeCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow3NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_3\)
\(NaCl+AgNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+AgCl\)
b)
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
\(Cl_2+H_2\rightarrow2HCl\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(2FeCl_2+Cl_2\rightarrow2FeCl_3\)
\(FeCl_3+3AgNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+3AgCl\)
\(2AgCl\rightarrow2Ag+Cl_2\)
\(Cl_2+2NaBr\rightarrow2NaCl+Br_2\)
a. KClO3 + 6HCl → 3Cl2 + KCl + 3H2O.
2Fe + 3Cl2 \(\underrightarrow{t^o}\) 2FeCl3.
FeCl3 + 3NaOH \(\rightarrow\) Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl.
2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 \(\rightarrow\) Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O.
b. KClO3 + 6HCl → 3Cl2 + KCl + 3H2O.
2Na + Cl2 \(\underrightarrow{t^o}\) 2NaCl.
2NaCl + H2SO4 (đặc) \(\underrightarrow{250^oC}\) Na2SO4 + 2HCl.
2HCl + CuO \(\rightarrow\) CuCl2 + H2O.
CuCl2 + 2AgNO3 \(\rightarrow\) 2AgCl + Cu(NO3)2.
2AgCl + Cu \(\rightarrow\) CuCl2 + 2Ag.
2) 2KMnO4 + 16HCl = 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
Cl2 + H2 = 2HCl ( điều kiện ánh sáng )
2HCl + Fe = FeCl2 + H2
FeCl2 + 2AgNO3 = 2AgCl + Fe(NO3)2
2AgCl = 2Ag + Cl2
a)
\(MnO_2+4HCl\rightarrow MnCl_2+Cl_2+2H_2O\)
\(2Fe+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2FeCl_3\)
\(FeCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\)
\(2NaCl+H_2SO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}Na_2SO_4+2HCl\)
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
\(CuCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\downarrow\)
b)
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
\(H_2+Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2HCl\)
\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(FeCl_3+3AgNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+3AgCl\downarrow\)
\(2AgCl\underrightarrow{as}2Ag+Cl_2\)
\(2NaBr+Cl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+Br_2\)
\(2NaI+Br_2\rightarrow2NaBr+I_2\)
\(Zn+I_2\underrightarrow{H_2O}ZnI_2\)
\(ZnI_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaI+Zn\left(OH\right)_2\)
c)
\(MnO_2+4HCl\rightarrow MnCl_2+Cl_2+2H_2O\)
\(3Cl_2+6KOH\underrightarrow{t^o}5KCl+KClO_3+3H_2O\)
\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)
\(2KCl+H_2SO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2SO_4+2HCl\)
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+Cl_2\rightarrow CaOCl_2+H_2O\)
\(MnO_2+4HCl_{đặc,nóng}\rightarrow MnCl_2+Cl_2+2H_2O\\ H_2+Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2HCl\\ NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\\ 2NaCl\rightarrow\left(đpnc\right)2Na+Cl_2\\ 2Al+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2AlCl_3\\ AlCl_3+3KOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3KCl\\ Al\left(OH\right)_3+3HCl\rightarrow AlCl_3+3H_2o\\ AlCl_3+3AgNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+3AgCl\downarrow\)
\(MnO_2\underrightarrow{1}Cl\underrightarrow{2}HCl\underrightarrow{3}NaCl\underrightarrow{4}Cl_2\underrightarrow{5}AlCl_3\underrightarrow{6}Al\left(OH\right)_3\underrightarrow{7}AlCl_3\underrightarrow{8}AgCl\)
(1) \(MnO_2+4HCl_{đặc}\underrightarrow{t^o}MnCl_2+Cl_2+2H_2O\)
(2) \(H_2+Cl_2\xrightarrow[ánh.sáng]{t^o}2HCl\)
(3) \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
(4) \(2NaCl+2H_2O\xrightarrow[có.màng.ngăn]{điện.phân}2NaOH+H_2+Cl_2\)
(5) \(2Al+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2AlCl_3\)
(6) \(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
(7) \(Al\left(OH\right)_3+3HCl\rightarrow AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
(8) \(AlCl_3+3AgNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+3AgCl\)
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