Cho 5,4 gam Al vào 200ml dd HCl 2M thì thu được bao nhiêu gam muối và bao nhiêu lít khí H2 (đkc) ?
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Bài 13:
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
0,2---------------------------->0,3
=> VH2 = 0,3.24,79 = 7,437 (l)
b)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2 --to--> 2Fe + 3H2O
0,3------->0,2
=> mFe = 0,2.56 = 11,2 (g)
a.\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,3 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.24,79=7,437l\)
b.\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Fe+3H_2O\)
0,3 0,2 ( mol )
\(m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2g\)
Bài 1:
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{164\cdot1,22\cdot20\%}{40}=1,0004\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo muối trung hòa
PTHH: \(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
Vì NaOH dư nên tính theo CO2 \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=0,5004\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na_2CO_3\left(rắn\right)}=0,25\cdot106=26,5\left(g\right)\\m_{NaOH\left(rắn\right)}=0,5004\cdot40=20,016\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
*Các bài còn lại bạn làm theo gợi ý bên dưới
PTHH: \(CO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHCO_3\) (1)
\(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\) (2)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{20.16}{22.4}=0.9\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=2\cdot0.9=1.8\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=1.8\cdot36.5=65.7\left(g\right)\)
Định luật bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m_{kl}+m_{HCl}=m_{Muối}+m_{H_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Muối}=29.4+65.7-1.8=93.3\left(g\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,2\cdot4=0,8mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(x\) \(\rightarrow\) \(3x\) \(x\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(y\) \(\rightarrow\) \(2y\) \(y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+65y=11,9\\3x+2y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{11,9}\cdot100\%=45,38\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-45,38\%=54,62\%\)
b)\(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot0,2+0,1=0,4mol\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,4\cdot22.4=8,96l\)
\(Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\22,4a+22,4.1,5.b=5,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\approx47,059\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx100\%-47,059\%\approx52,941\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.\left(0,1+0,1.1,5\right)=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
a)\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
x 2x x x
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
y 3y y 1,5y
Ta có hệ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=5,1\\x+1,5y=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%=47,06\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=100\%-47,06\%=52,94\%\)
b)\(\Sigma n_{HCl}=2x+3y=2\cdot0,1+3\cdot0,1=0,5mol\)
\(V=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25l=250ml\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{2}>\dfrac{0,4}{6}\\ \Rightarrow Aldư\\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{HCl}=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2}{15}.133,5=17,8\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.2\cdot2=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
=>HCl dư
\(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0.2\cdot133.5=26.7\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=3\cdot0.2=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
hay \(n_{H_2}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(lít\right)\)