cho x, y >0 và \(x^2+y^2=1\)
Tính GTNN, GTLN của \(\sqrt{1+2x}+\sqrt{1+2y}\)
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Ta có \(x,y\le1\) nên \(1\le\sqrt{1+2x}\le\sqrt{3}\).
Suy ra \(\left(\sqrt{1+2x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{1+2x}-\sqrt{3}\right)\le0\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)\sqrt{1+2x}\ge1+2x+\sqrt{3}\).
Tương tự \(\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)\sqrt{1+2y}\ge1+2y+\sqrt{3}\).
Suy ra \(\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)P\ge2+2\sqrt{3}+2\left(x+y\right)\).
Mà \(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge x^2+y^2=1\Rightarrow x+y\le1\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)P\ge2+2\sqrt{3}+2=4+2\sqrt{3}\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{3}+1\).
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = 0; y = 1 hoặc x = 1; y = 0.
a.
\(x^2+y^2=1\Rightarrow0\le x;y\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2\le x\\y^2\le y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x+y\ge x^2+y^2=1\)
\(x+y\le\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}=\sqrt{2}\)
b.
\(P\le\sqrt{2\left(1+2x+1+2y\right)}\le\sqrt{2\left(2+2\sqrt{2}\right)}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{1+2x}=a\\\sqrt{1+2y}=b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1\le a;b\le\sqrt{3}\\a^2+b^2=2+2\left(x+y\right)\ge4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(a-1\right)\left(a-\sqrt{3}\right)\le0\Rightarrow a^2+\sqrt{3}\le a\left(1+\sqrt{3}\right)\Rightarrow a\ge\frac{a^2+\sqrt{3}}{1+\sqrt{3}}\)
Tương tự: \(b\ge\frac{b^2+\sqrt{3}}{1+\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=a+b\ge\frac{a^2+b^2+2\sqrt{3}}{1+\sqrt{3}}\ge\frac{4+2\sqrt{3}}{1+\sqrt{3}}=1+\sqrt{3}\)
\(y=\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}-\sqrt{x^2+2x+1}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\left|x-1\right|-\left|x+1\right|\)
+)Xét \(x< -1\)\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x+1< 0\Rightarrow\left|x+1\right|=-\left(x+1\right)=-x-1\\x-1< 0\Rightarrow\left|x-1\right|=-\left(x-1\right)=-x+1\end{cases}\)
\(\Rightarrow y=\left(-x-1\right)-\left(-x+1\right)=2\)
+)Xét \(-1\le x< 1\)\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x\ge-1\Rightarrow x+1\ge0\Rightarrow\left|x+1\right|=x+1\\x< 1\Rightarrow x-1< 0\Rightarrow\left|x-1\right|=-\left(x-1\right)=-x+1\end{cases}\)
\(\Rightarrow y=\left(-x+1\right)-\left(x+1\right)=-2x\)
+)Xét \(x\ge1\)\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}x-1\ge0\Rightarrow\left|x-1\right|=x-1\\x+1\ge0\Rightarrow\left|x+1\right|=x+1\end{cases}\)
\(\Rightarrow y=\left(x-1\right)-\left(x+1\right)=-2\)
Ta thấy:
câu a) rút x theo y thế vào A rồi áp dụng HĐT
b)rút xy thế vào B
c)HĐT
d)rút x theo y thé vào C
rồi dùng BĐT cô-si
e)BĐT chưa dấu giá trị tuyệt đối
\(5x^2+2xy+2y^2-\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)=\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow5x^2+2xy+2y^2\ge4x^2+4xy+y^2=\left(2x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{2z+x}=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{9}{x+x+y}+\dfrac{9}{y+y+z}+\dfrac{9}{z+z+x}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}+\dfrac{3}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=1\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
GTNN
\(x^2+y^2=1=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\Rightarrow2xy=\left(x+y\right)^2-1\)
\(x;\text{ }y\ge0\Rightarrow x+y=\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2xy}\ge\sqrt{1+2xy}\ge1\)
\(A^2=2+2\left(x+y\right)+2\sqrt{\left(1+2x\right)\left(1+2y\right)}\)
\(=2+2\left(x+y\right)+2\sqrt{1+2\left(x+y\right)+4xy}\)
\(=2+2\left(x+y\right)+2\sqrt{1+2\left(x+y\right)+2\left(x+y\right)^2-2}\)
\(=2+2t+2\sqrt{2t^2+2t-1}\text{ }\left(t=x+y\ge1\right)\)
\(\ge2+2+2\sqrt{2.1^2+2.1-1}\)
\(=4+2\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}=1+\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x+y=1\Leftrightarrow xy=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;0\right);\left(0;1\right)\)
GTLN
Với 2 số thực bất kì, ta luôn có: \(\left(a+b\right)^2=2\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\left(a-b\right)^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(A^2\le2\left(1+2x+1+2y\right)=4+4\left(x+y\right)\le4+4\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}=4+4\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\sqrt{4+4\sqrt{2}}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi 2 biến bằng nhau.