Cho a, b, c và x, y, z là các số khác nhau và khác không chứng minh rằng
Nếu: và thì
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Từ \(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}\right)^2=1^2\)
\(\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}\right)^2+2\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}\right)\frac{z}{c}+\left(\frac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)
\(\left(\frac{x}{a}\right)^2+2\frac{x}{a}\frac{y}{b}+\left(\frac{y}{b}\right)^2+\left(2\frac{x}{a}+2\frac{y}{b}\right)\frac{z}{c}+\left(\frac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)
\(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{2xy}{ab}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{2xz}{ac}+\frac{2yz}{bc}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)
\(\left(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}\right)+\left(\frac{2xy}{ab}+\frac{2xz}{ac}+\frac{2yz}{bc}\right)=1\)
\(\left(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}\right)+\frac{2xyz}{abc}\left(\frac{c}{z}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{a}{x}\right)=1\)
\(\left(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}\right)+\frac{2xyz}{abc}.0=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}=1\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
\(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\Rightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)
\(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=1\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{xy}{ab}+\frac{yz}{bc}+\frac{xz}{ac}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}=1-2\left(\frac{xy}{ab}+\frac{yz}{bc}+\frac{xz}{ac}\right)\)
\(=1-2.\frac{cxy+bxz+ayz}{abc}=1-2.0=1\)
Theo giả thiết suy ra \(\frac{a\left(y+z\right)}{abc}=\frac{b\left(z+x\right)}{abc}=\frac{c\left(x+y\right)}{abc}\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{y+z}{bc}=\frac{z+x}{ac}=\frac{x+y}{ab}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{y+z}{bc}=\frac{z+x}{ac}=\frac{x+y}{ab}=\frac{z+x-\left(y+z\right)}{ac-bc}=\frac{x-y}{c\left(a-b\right)}\) (1)
\(\frac{y+z}{bc}=\frac{z+x}{ac}=\frac{x+y}{ab}=\frac{y+z-\left(x+y\right)}{bc-ab}=\frac{z-x}{b\left(c-a\right)}\) (2)
\(\frac{y+z}{bc}=\frac{z+x}{ac}=\frac{x+y}{ab}=\frac{x+y-\left(z+x\right)}{ab-ac}=\frac{y-z}{a\left(b-c\right)}\) (3)
Từ (1), (2), (3) suy ra \(\frac{y-z}{a\left(b-c\right)}=\frac{z-x}{b\left(c-a\right)}=\frac{x-y}{c\left(a-b\right)}\) (đpcm).
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-yz=a\\y^2-xz=b\\z^2-xy=c\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^3-xyz=ax\\y^3-xyz=by\\z^3-xyz=cz\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow ax+by+cz=x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)-3xyz=\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)z+z^2\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)⋮\left(x+y+z\right)\)
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