trong phòng thí nghiệm người ta điều chế oxi bằng cách nhiệt phân KClO3
a)Hãy tính khối lượng KClO3 cần thiết để điều chế 9g oxi
b) tính khối lượng KCl tạo thành
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\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{9.6}{32}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2KCl+3O_2\)
\(a.\)
\(n_{KClO_3}=n_{KCl}=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot0.3=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{KClO_3}=0.2\cdot122.5=24.5\left(g\right)\)
\(b.\)
\(m_{KCl}=0.2\cdot74.5=14.9\left(g\right)\)
\(a,n_{O_2}=\dfrac{9,6}{32}=0,3(mol)\\ 2KClO_3\xrightarrow[MnO_2]{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KClO_3}=0,2.122,5=24,5(g)\\ b,n_{KCl}=n_{KClO_3}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KCl}=0,2.74,5=14,9(g)\)
\(a.2KClO_3-^{t^o}\rightarrow2KCl+3O_2\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{KClO_3}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\\ n_{KCl}=n_{KClO_3}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KCl}=0,4.74,5=29,8\left(g\right)\)
\(Coi\ n_{O_2} = 3(mol)\\ 2KMnO_4 \xrightarrow K_2MnO_4 + MnO_2+ O_2\\ n_{KMnO_4} = 2n_{O_2} = 6(mol)\\ 2KClO_3 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2KCl + 3O_2\\ n_{KClO_3} = \dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2} = 2(mol)\\ \dfrac{m_{KMnO_4}}{m_{KClO_3}} = \dfrac{6.158}{2.122,5} = 3,869\)
\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{^{t^0}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
\(2a................................a\)
\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{t^0}}2KCl+3O_2\)
\(\dfrac{2a}{3}..................a\)
\(m_{KMnO_4}=2a\cdot158=316a\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}a\cdot122.5=\dfrac{245a}{3}\left(g\right)\)
\(\dfrac{m_{KMnO_4}}{m_{KClO_3}}=\dfrac{316a}{\dfrac{245a}{3}}=\dfrac{948}{245}\)
-Gọi số mol của oxygen là a (mol) \(\left(a>0\right)\)
-PTHH (1): \(2KMnO_4\rightarrow^{t^0}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
2a a (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=n.M=2a.158=316a\left(g\right)\)
-PTHH (2): \(2KClO_3\rightarrow^{t^0}2KCl+3O_2\)
\(\dfrac{2}{3}a\) a (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KClO_3}=n.M=\dfrac{2}{3}a.122,5\approx81,67.a\left(g\right)\)
\(\dfrac{m_{KMnO_4}}{m_{KClO_3}}=\dfrac{316.a}{81,67.a}\approx3,87\)
a) PTHH: 2 KClO3 -to-> 2 KCl + 3 O2
nKCl= 14,9/74,5= 0,2(mol)
b) nKClO3=nKCl=0,2(mol)
=>mKClO3=0,2.122,5=24,5(g)
c) nO2=3/2. 0,2=0,3(mol)
=>V(O2,đktc)=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)
PT: \(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{15,3}{102}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al_2O_3}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KClO_3}=0,15.122,5=18,375\left(g\right)\)
a, Ta có: \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{4,64}{232}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)
THeo PT: \(n_{O_2}=2n_{Fe_3O_4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,04.22,4=0,896\left(l\right)\)
b, PT: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
\(n_{KMnO_4}=2n_{O_2}=0,08\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=0,08.158=12,64\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{m_{Fe_3O_4}}{M_{Fe_3O_4}}=\dfrac{4,64}{232}=0,02\left(mol\right)\).
PTHH : \(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)
Mol : 3 : 2 : 1
Mol 0,04 ← 0,02
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=n_{O_2}.22,4=\left(0,04\right).\left(22,4\right)=0,896\left(l\right)\).
b) Từ phương trình ở câu a \(\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\).
PTHH : \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
Mol : 2 : 1 : 1 : 1
Mol : 0,08 ← 0,04
\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=n_{KMnO_4}.M_{KMnO_4}=\left(0,08\right).158=12,64\left(g\right)\).
2KClO3 -> 2KCl + 3O2
a.nO2 = 0.28125mol
=> nKClO3 = 0.1875mol
=> mKClO3 = 22.97g
b.nKCl = nKClO3 = 0.1875mol
=> mKCl = 13.97g
$a)PTHH:2KClO_3\xrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2$
$n_{O_2}=\dfrac{9}{32}=0,28125(mol)$
$\Rightarrow n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=0,1875(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{KClO_3}=0,1875.122,5=22,96875(g)$
$b)$ Theo PT: $n_{KCl}=n_{KClO_3}=0,1875(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{KCl}=0,1875.74,5=13,96875(g)$