Cho x\(\ge\)xy+1 Tìm GTLN của P=\(\frac{xy}{x^2+y^2}\)
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Ta có: \(x \geqslant xy+1 \Rightarrow x-1 \geqslant xy\)
\( P = \dfrac{{3xy}}{{{x^2} + {y^2}}} = \dfrac{{3\left( {x - 1} \right)y + 3y}}{{{x^2} + {y^2}}}\\ \le \dfrac{{3x{y^2} + 3y}}{{2xy}} = \dfrac{{3y\left( {x + 3} \right)}}{{2xy}}\\ = \dfrac{{3\left( {x + 3} \right)}}{{2x}} = \dfrac{3}{2} + \dfrac{3}{{2x}} \le 2.\dfrac{3}{2} = 3\\ \Rightarrow {P_{\max }} = 3 \)
Nếu \(xy\le0\Rightarrow M\le0;\) nếu \(xy>0\Rightarrow M>0\Rightarrow\) GTLN nếu có của M sẽ xảy ra khi \(xy>0\)
Xét \(xy>0\Rightarrow xy+1>0\Rightarrow x>0\Rightarrow y>0\)
\(x\ge xy+1\Leftrightarrow1\ge y+\frac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{y}{x}}\Rightarrow\frac{y}{x}\le\frac{1}{4}\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y}\ge4\)
\(M=\frac{3xy}{x^2+y^2}=\frac{3}{\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}}=\frac{3}{\frac{15}{16}.\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{16y}+\frac{y}{x}}\le\frac{3}{\frac{15}{16}.4+2\sqrt{\frac{xy}{16yx}}}=\frac{12}{17}\)
\(\Rightarrow M_{max}=\frac{12}{17}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-xy+y^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y^2-yz+z^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{z^2-zx+x^2}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(x-y\right)^2+\frac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(y-z\right)^2+\frac{1}{2}\left(y^2+z^2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(z-x\right)^2+\frac{1}{2}\left(z^2+x^2\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(y^2+z^2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\left(z^2+x^2\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{2}{x+y}+\frac{2}{y+z}+\frac{2}{z+x}\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=1\)