Cho \(A=\frac{3^0+3^2+3^4+3^6+...........+3^{120}}{21}\)
CHỨNG MINH A THUỘC N
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\(a^4+a^3+a+1\)
\(=\left(a^4+a^3\right)+\left(a+1\right)\)
\(=a^3\left(a+1\right)+\left(a+1\right)\)
\(=\left(a+1\right)\left(a^3+1\right)\)
\(=\left(a+1\right)^2\left(a^2-a+1\right)\)
\(=\left(a+1\right)^2\left[\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]\) \(\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=-1\)
Ta có:
\(b^2=ac\rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}\) ( \(b\ne0,c\ne0\)
\(c^2=bd\rightarrow\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}\) \(d\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}\rightarrow\frac{abc}{bcd}=\frac{a^3}{b^3}=\frac{b^3}{c^3}=\frac{c^3}{d^3}\) ( \(bcd\ne0\)vì \(b^3+c^3+d^3\ne0\))
áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\rightarrow\frac{abc}{bcd}=\left(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3\)
\(\frac{abc}{bcd}=\frac{a^3}{b^3}=\frac{b^3}{c^3}=\frac{c^3}{d^3}=\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}=\left(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có: S = \(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{3}{3.7}+\dfrac{5}{3.7.11}+...+\dfrac{2n+1}{3.7.11...\left(4n+3\right)}\)
⇒ 2S = \(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{6}{3.7}+\dfrac{10}{3.7.11}+...+\dfrac{4n+2}{3.7.11...\left(4n+3\right)}\)
⇒ 2S + \(\dfrac{1}{3.7.11...\left(4n+3\right)}\) = \(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{6}{3.7}+\dfrac{10}{3.7.11}+...+\dfrac{4n+3}{3.7.11...\left(4n+3\right)}\)
Đến đây nó sẽ rút gọn liên tục và sau nhiều lần rút gọn ta có:
2S + \(\dfrac{1}{3.7.11...\left(4n+3\right)}\) = \(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{6}{3.7}+\dfrac{10}{3.7.11}+\dfrac{1}{3.7.11}\) = \(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{6}{3.7}+\dfrac{11}{3.7.11}\) = \(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{6}{3.7}+\dfrac{1}{3.7}\) = \(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{7}{3.7}=\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}=1\)
Suy ra 2S < 1 ⇒ S < \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)(đpcm)
\(A=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+\left(3^{99}+3^{100}+3^{101}\right)\\ A=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^{99}\left(1+3+3^2\right)\\ A=\left(1+3+3^2\right)\left(1+...+3^{99}\right)=13\left(1+...+3^{99}\right)⋮13\)
5A=\(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{2}{5^2}...+\frac{n}{5^n}...+\frac{11}{5^{11}}\)
=>4A=5A-A=\(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}...+\frac{1}{5^{11}}-\frac{11}{5^{12}}\)
=>20A=\(1+\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{5^{10}}-\frac{11}{5^{11}}\)
=>16A=20A-4A=\(1-\frac{1}{5^{11}}+\frac{11}{5^{12}}-\frac{11}{5^{11}}\)
Mà \(1-\frac{1}{5^{11}}< 1\),\(\frac{11}{5^{12}}-\frac{11}{5^{11}}< 0\)
=>16A<1
Do đó: A<1/16(đpcm)