Cho a,b dương và \(a\ge b\)
Tìm GTNN của biểu thức \(S=\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}\)?
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\(S=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{25}{ab}+ab\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{2ab}\right)+\left(ab+\frac{16}{ab}\right)+\frac{17}{2ab}\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+2\sqrt{ab\cdot\frac{16}{ab}}+\frac{17}{\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}}\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{4^2}+8+\frac{17}{\frac{4^2}{2}}=\frac{83}{8}\)
Dấu "=" xảy râ khi x = y = 2
Ta có \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)=> \(ab\le4\)
\(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{2ab}\ge\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\frac{16}{ab}+ab\ge8\)
\(\frac{17}{2ab}\ge\frac{17}{8}\)
=> \(S\ge8+\frac{17}{8}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{83}{8}\)
Vậy MinS=83/8 khi a=b=2
a/ \(a>b\Rightarrow a-b>0\)
\(P=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2+2ab+1}{a-b}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2+9}{a-b}=a-b+\frac{9}{a-b}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge2\sqrt{\left(a-b\right)\frac{9}{a-b}}=6\Rightarrow P_{min}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a>b\\ab=4\\\left(a-b\right)^2=9\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=4\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\) hoặc \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-1\\b=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
b/
\(x\ge3y\Rightarrow\frac{x}{y}\ge3\)
\(A=\frac{4x^2+9y^2}{xy}=4\frac{x}{y}+9\frac{y}{x}=3\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{y}+9\frac{y}{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge3\frac{x}{y}+2\sqrt{\frac{x}{y}.\frac{9y}{x}}\ge3.3+2.3=15\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=15\) khi \(x=3y\)
Bài toán số 41 có 2 cách làm, tôi làm cách thứ 2
Đặt \(Q=\sqrt{\frac{x}{y+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{y}{x+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{z}{x+y}}\)\(\Rightarrow Q^2=\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}+2\left(\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{xz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\right)\)ta thấy rằng \(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4}+\frac{xyz}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)\ge\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có \(\sqrt{\frac{yx}{\left(z+x\right)\left(x+y\right)}}\ge\frac{2yx}{2\sqrt{\left(xy+yz\right)\left(yz+yx\right)}}\ge\frac{2xy}{2xy+yz+xz}\ge\frac{2xy}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{xy}{xy+yz+zx}\)
Tương tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\ge\frac{yz}{xy+yz+zx}\\\sqrt{\frac{xz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\ge\frac{xz}{xy+yz+zx}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(z+x\right)\left(x+y\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\ge1\)nên \(Q\ge\sqrt{\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4}+2}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\ge\sqrt{\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{2}+4}+\frac{4}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}}\)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}\Rightarrow t\ge\sqrt{xy+yz+zx}=2\)
Xét hàm số g(t)=\(\sqrt{\frac{t^2}{2}+4}+\frac{4}{t}\left(t\ge2\right)\)khi đó ta có
\(g'\left(t\right)=\frac{t}{2\sqrt{\frac{t^2}{2}+4}}-\frac{4}{t^2};g'\left(t\right)=0\Leftrightarrow t^6-32t^2-256=0\Leftrightarrow t=2\sqrt{2}\)
Lập bảng biến thiên ta có min[2;\(+\infty\)) \(g\left(t\right)=g\left(2\sqrt{2}\right)=3\sqrt{2}\)
Hay minS=\(3\sqrt{2}\)<=> a=c=1; b=2
Đặt a=xc; b=cy (x;y >=1)
\(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}=\sqrt{xy}\Leftrightarrow x+y-2+2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}=xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy-x-y+1-2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}=1\Leftrightarrow xy=x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow xy\ge4\)
Biểu thức P được viết lại như sau
\(P=\frac{x}{y+1}+\frac{y}{x+1}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}=\frac{x^2}{xy+x}+\frac{y^2}{xy+y}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy}\)
\(P\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2xy+x+y}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy}=\frac{xy}{3}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{x^2y^2-2xy}=\frac{x^3y^3-2x^2y^2+3xy-3}{3\left(x^2y^2-2xy\right)}\)
Đặt t=xy với t>=4
Xét hàm số \(f\left(t\right)=\frac{t^3-2t^2+3t-3}{t^2-2t}\left(t\ge4\right)\)
Ta có \(f'\left(t\right)=\frac{t^4-4t^3+t^2+6t-6}{\left(t^2-2t\right)^2}=\frac{t^3\left(t-4\right)+6\left(t-4\right)+18}{\left(t^2-2t\right)^2}>0\forall t\ge4\)
Lập bảng biến thiên ta có \(minf\left(t\right)=f\left(4\right)=\frac{41}{8}\)
Vậy \(minP=\frac{41}{24}\)khi x=y=z=2 hay a=b=2c
B1
Ta có
\(A=\frac{a^2}{24}+\frac{9}{a}+\frac{9}{a}+\frac{23a^2}{24}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2}{24}.\frac{9}{a}.\frac{9}{a}+\frac{23a^2}{24}}\ge\frac{9}{2}+\frac{23.36}{24}\ge39\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=6
Vậy Min A = 39 <=> a=6
\(A=a^2+\frac{18}{a}=a^2+\frac{216}{a}+\frac{216}{a}-\frac{414}{a}\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2.\frac{216}{a}.\frac{216}{a}}-69=39\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = 6
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\right)+\left(ab+\dfrac{16}{ab}\right)+\dfrac{17}{2ab}\)
\(A\ge\dfrac{4}{a^2+b^2+2ab}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{16ab}{ab}}+\dfrac{17}{\dfrac{2\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}}\)
\(A\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+8+\dfrac{34}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{4}{4^2}+8+\dfrac{34}{4^2}=\dfrac{83}{8}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=2\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(S=\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}\ge\frac{2ab}{ab}=2\)
Dấu \(=\)xảy ra khi \(a=b\).
Vậy \(minS=2\).
\(S=\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}=\frac{a^2}{ab}+\frac{b^2}{ab}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2ab}\)( Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel )
Lại có : \(2ab\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\)( AM-GM )
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2ab}\ge\frac{1}{\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}}=\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2ab}\ge2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b
Vậy MinS = 2