3/ Cho 100g dung dịch NaOH 20% tác dụng vừa đủ với dung dịch H2SO4 19,6%.
a. Viết phương trình hóa học.
b. Tính số gam dung dịch H2SO4 19,6% cần dùng.
c. Tính nồng độ phần trăm dung dịch thu được sau phản ứng.
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C là \(BaSO_4\), D là \(HCl\)
\(a,PTHH:BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\\ n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{31,2}{208}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{BaSO_4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=0,15\cdot233=34,95\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{HCl}=2n_{BaCl_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{HCl}}=0,3\cdot36,5=10,95\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd_{HCl}}=31,2+100-34,95=96,25\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{10,95}{96,25}\cdot100\%\approx11,38\%\)
a. PTHH: H2SO4 + 2NaOH ---> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
b. Ta có: \(C_{\%_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{300}.100\%=19,6\%\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=58,8\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8}{98}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Ta lại có: \(C_{\%_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH}}{200}.100\%=20\%\)
=> mNaOH = 40(g)
=> \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{40}{40}=1\left(mol\right)\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,6}{1}>\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy H2SO4 dư.
=> \(m_{dd_{Na_2SO_4}}=300+40=340\left(g\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}.1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,5.142=71\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{71}{340}.100\%=20,88\%\)
a, \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
b, \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{MgSO_4}=n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,1.24,79=2,479\left(l\right)\)
c, \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{19,6\%}=50\left(g\right)\)
d, Ta có: m dd sau pư = 2,4 + 50 - 0,1.2 = 52,2 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{52,2}.100\%\approx22,99\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2(mol)\\ a,PTHH:Zn+2HCl\to ZnCl_2+H_2\\ b,n_{HCl}=0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{100}.100\%=14,6\%\\ c,n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{27,2}{13+100-0,2.2}.100\%\approx 24,16\%\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot19.6\%}{98}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\)
\(0.4......................0.4\)
\(m_{SO_3}=0.4\cdot80=32\left(g\right)\)
\(b.\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{80\cdot19.6\%}{98}=0.16\left(mol\right)\)
\(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
\(0.16..........0.16..............0.16\)
\(m_{MgO}=0.16\cdot40=6.4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=6.4+80=86.4\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%MgSO_4=\dfrac{0.16\cdot120}{86.4}\cdot100\%=22.22\%\)
a)
$SO_3 + H_2O \to H_2SO_4$
n SO3 = n H2SO4 = 200.19,6%/98 = 0,4(mol)
=> m = 0,4.80 = 32(gam)
b)
$MgO + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2O$
n MgSO4 = n MgO = n H2SO4 = 80.19,6%/98 = 0,16(mol)
=> m MgO = 0,16.40 = 6,4(gam)
Sau pư, m dd = 6,4 + 80 = 86,4(gam)
=> C% MgSO4 = 0,16.120/86,4 .100% = 22,22%
Bài 2:
a) PTHH: \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
b) Dung dịch A là dung dịch bazơ
Ta có: \(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{3,1}{62}=0,05\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,1}{1}=0,1\left(M\right)\)
c) Sửa đề: dd H2SO4 9,8%
PTHH: \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot98}{9,8\%}=50\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{50}{1,14}\approx43,86\left(ml\right)\)
Bài 1:
PTHH: \(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot19,6\%}{98}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{CuSO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot160}{200+16}\cdot100\%\approx14,81\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot98}{200+16}\cdot100\%\approx9,07\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\
m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{22,05.20}{100}=4,41\left(g\right)\\
n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{4,41}{98}=0,045\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0,03}{1}< \dfrac{0,045}{1}\)
=> H2SO4 dư
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\
m_{H_2SO_4\left(d\right)}=\left(0,045-0,03\right).98=1,47\left(g\right)\\
m_{\text{dd}}=1,95+22,05-\left(0,03.2\right)=23,94\left(g\right)\\
C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,03.136}{23,94}.100\%=17\%\)
\(a,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{22,05}{98}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
bđ 0,03 0,225
pư 0,03 0,03
spư 0 0,195 0,03 0,03
\(b,m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,195.98=19,11\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{dd}=1,95+22,05-0,03.2=23,94\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,03.161}{23,94}.100\%=20,18\%\)
Câu 3:
Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol của MgO và Al2O3
Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.250:1000=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
a. PTHH:
MgO + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + H2O (1)
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O (2)
b. Theo PT(1): \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{MgO}=x\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(2): \(n_{H_2SO_4}=3.n_{Al_2O_3}=3y\left(mol\right)\)
=> x + 3y = 0,05 (1)
Theo đề, ta có: 40x + 102y = 1,82 (2)
Từ (1) và (2), ta có HPT:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+3y=0,05\\40x+102y=1,82\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> x = 0,02, y = 0,01
=> \(m_{MgO}=0,02.40=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\%_{m_{MgO}}=\dfrac{0,8}{1,82}.100\%=43,96\%\)
\(\%_{m_{Al_2O_3}}=100\%-43,96\%=56,04\%\)
Câu 4:
Ta có: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6\%.100\%}{100}=19,6\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6}{98}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Ta lại có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
a. PTHH: CuO + H2SO4 ---> CuSO4 + H2O
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\)
Vậy H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{CuSO_4}=n_{CuO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{CuSO_4}=0,1.160=16\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(m_{dd_{CuSO_4}}=8+100=108\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{CuSO_4}}=\dfrac{16}{108}.100\%=14,81\%\)
Câu 5: Thiếu đề
a) 2NaOH + H2SO4 -- Na2SO4 + 2H2O
b) \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{100.20}{100.40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2NaOH + H2SO4 -- Na2SO4 + 2H2O
______0,5----->0,25------>0,25
=> mH2SO4 = 0,25.98 = 24,5 (g)
=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{24,5.100}{19,6}=125\left(g\right)\)
c) mNa2SO4 = 0,25.142 = 35,5 (g)
mdd sau pư = 100 + 125 = 225 (g)
=> \(C\%\left(Na_2SO_4\right)=\dfrac{35,5}{225}.100\%=15,778\%\)