Cho a,b,c,d thuộc N* và A = \(\frac{a}{a+b+c}\) + \(\frac{b}{a+b+d}\) + \(\frac{c}{b+c+d}\) + \(\frac{d}{a+c+d}\)
Chứng Minh Tỏ Rằng : 1<A<2
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Bài 2 : Theo ví dụ trên ta có : \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\)=> ad < bc
Suy ra :
\(\Leftrightarrow ad+ab< bc+ba\Leftrightarrow a(b+d)< b(a+c)\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\)
Mặt khác : ad < bc => ad + cd < bc + cd
\(\Leftrightarrow d(a+c)< (b+d)c\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)
Vậy : ....
b, Theo câu a ta lần lượt có :
\(-\frac{1}{3}< -\frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow-\frac{1}{3}< -\frac{2}{7}< -\frac{1}{4}\)
\(-\frac{1}{3}< -\frac{2}{7}\Rightarrow-\frac{1}{3}< -\frac{3}{10}< -\frac{2}{7}\)
\(-\frac{1}{3}< -\frac{3}{10}\Rightarrow-\frac{1}{3}< -\frac{4}{13}< -\frac{3}{10}\)
Vậy : \(-\frac{1}{3}< -\frac{4}{13}< -\frac{3}{10}< -\frac{2}{7}< -\frac{1}{4}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{a+b+c}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{b}{b+c+d}>\frac{b}{a+d+c+d}\)
\(\frac{c}{c+d+a}>\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{d}{d+a+b}>\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+b+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}>\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< 1\) (1)
Lại có: \(\frac{a}{a+b+c}< \frac{a+c}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{b}{b+c+d}< \frac{b+d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{c}{c+d+a}< \frac{c+a}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{d+b}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{a+c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b+d}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c+a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d+b}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{2a+2b+2c+2d}{a+b+c+d}=\frac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< 2\) (2)
Từ (1)(2) => \(1< \frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< 2\) (đpcm)
Lời giải:
Gọi biểu thức đã cho là $A$
Với mọi $a,b,c,d\in\mathbb{N}^*$ ta có:
$\frac{a}{a+b+c}> \frac{a}{a+b+c+d}$
$\frac{b}{b+c+d}>\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}$
$\frac{c}{c+d+a}> \frac{c}{a+b+c+d}$
$\frac{d}{d+a+b}>\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}$
Cộng theo vế:
$D> \frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}$ hay $D>1(*)$
Mặt khác:
Xét $\frac{a}{a+b+c}-\frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}=\frac{-d(b+c)}{(a+b+c)(a+b+c+d)}< 0$ với mọi $a,b,c,d>0$
$\Rightarrow \frac{a}{a+b+c}< \frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}$
Tương tự:
$\frac{b}{b+c+d}< \frac{b+a}{a+b+c+d}$
$\frac{c}{c+d+a}< \frac{c+b}{c+d+a+b}$
$\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{d+c}{d+a+b+c}$
Cộng theo vế:
$A< \frac{2(a+b+c+d)}{a+b+c+d}$ hay $A< 2(**)$
Từ $(*); (**)\Rightarrow 1< A< 2$ nên $A$ không phải số tự nhiên.
Ta có:a/b<c/d<=>a.d<b.c
<=>2018a.d<2018b.c
<=>2018a.d+c.d<2018b.c+d.c
<=>d(2018a+c)<c(2018b+d)
<=>2018a+c/2018b+d<c/d(dpcm)
Ta có: Để \(\frac{2018\cdot a+c}{2018\cdot b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\left(2018\cdot a+c\right)\cdot d< \left(2018\cdot b+d\right)\cdot c\)
\(2018\cdot a\cdot d+c\cdot d< 2018\cdot b\cdot c+c\cdot d\)
\(2018\cdot a\cdot d< 2018\cdot b\cdot c\)(bỏ cả 2 vế đi \(c\cdot d\))(gọi là (1))
Vì \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow a\cdot d< b\cdot c\Rightarrow2018\cdot a\cdot d< 2018\cdot b\cdot c=\left(1\right)\)Mà (1) bằng \(\frac{2018\cdot a+c}{2018\cdot b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\) (điều phải chứng minh)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b} = \frac{c}{d} = \frac{{a - c}}{{b - d}}\); \(\frac{a}{b} = \frac{c}{d} = \frac{{a + 2c}}{{b + 2d}}\)
Như vậy, \(\frac{{a - c}}{{b - d}} = \frac{{a + 2c}}{{b + 2d}}\) (đpcm)
\(a.\)\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{a}{b}+1=\frac{c}{d}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{a+b}{b}=\frac{c+d}{d}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(b.\)\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{a}{b}-1=\frac{c}{d}-1_{ }\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{a-b}{b}=\frac{c-d}{d}\)\(\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(c.\)\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{b}{a}=\frac{d}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{b}{a}+1=\frac{d}{c}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{b+a}{a}=\frac{d+c}{c}\)hay \(\frac{a+b}{a}=\frac{c+d}{d}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(d.\)Tương tự \(c\) nhé bn. Chúc bn học tốt!
\(\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}\)
\(>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\).
\(\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}< \frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}=\frac{a+c}{c+a}=1\)
\(\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{b}{b+d}+\frac{d}{d+b}=\frac{b+d}{d+b}=1\)
Suy ra đpcm.
Ta có : \(\frac{a+b}{a-b}=\frac{c+d}{c-d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}\)
=> \(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\)
=> \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\) nếu khố hiểu thì bạn chứng mình kiểu này :
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)
=> \(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}=\frac{a+b}{c+d}\)
Mặt khác \(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}\)
=> \(\frac{a+b}{c+d}=\frac{a-b}{c-d}\)
Vậy \(\frac{a+b}{a-b}=\frac{c+d}{c-d}\)