Chứng tỏ rằng: 1/3^3 + 1/5^3 + 1/7^3 +..+ 1/2021^3 < 1/12
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Gọi d là ƯC của 4n + 7 và 6n + 1
Khi đó : 4n + 7 chia hết cho d và 6n + 1 chia hết cho d
<=> 12n + 21 chia hết cho d và 12n + 2 chia hết cho d
=> (12n + 21) - ( 12n + 2) chia hết cho d = > 19 chia hết cho d
Vì 19 là số nguyên tố => d = 1
Vậy \(\frac{4n+7}{6n+1}\) Là p/s tối giản
Nếu n = 3 thì 4n+7/6n+1=1 đâu phải là phân số tối giản
\(2021-\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2021}\right)\)
\(=\left(1-1\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)+...+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2021}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{3}{4}+...+\dfrac{2020}{2021}\)
Giải:
\(2021-\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2021}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{3}{4}+...+\dfrac{2020}{2021}\)
Ta có:
\(2021-\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2021}\right)\)
\(=\left(1-1\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)+...+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2021}\right)\)
\(=0+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{3}+...+\dfrac{2020}{2021}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{3}+...+\dfrac{2020}{2021}\)
Mà \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{3}+...+\dfrac{2020}{2021}=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{3}{4}+...+\dfrac{2020}{2021}\)
\(\Rightarrow2021-\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2021}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{3}{4}+...+\dfrac{2020}{2021}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đặt \(A=\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{2021}}\)
=>\(3A=1+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{2020}}\)
=>\(3A-A=1+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{2020}}-\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{3^2}-...-\dfrac{1}{3^{2021}}\)
=>\(2A=1-\dfrac{1}{3^{2021}}\)
=>\(A=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3^{2021}}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có \(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+\frac{1}{7^2}< \frac{1}{1\cdot2}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+\frac{1}{4\cdot5}+\frac{1}{5\cdot6}+\frac{1}{7\cdot8}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-....+\frac{1}{7}-\frac{1}{8}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\frac{1}{8}< 1\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{3^3}< \dfrac{1}{2.3.4}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2.3}-\dfrac{1}{3.4}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{5^3}< \dfrac{1}{4.5.6}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{4.5}-\dfrac{1}{5.6}\right)\\ ...\\ \dfrac{1}{2021^3}< \dfrac{1}{2020.2021.2022}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2020.2021}-\dfrac{1}{2021.2022}\right)\)
Cộng VTV ta được
\(VT< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2.3}-\dfrac{1}{2021.2022}\right)=\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(2021.2022\right)}< \dfrac{1}{12}\)
\(n^3=n.n^2>n\left(n^2-1\right)=\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{n^3}< \dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{n+1-\left(n-1\right)}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3^3}+\dfrac{1}{5^3}+.......+\dfrac{1}{2009^3}< \dfrac{1}{2.3.4}+\dfrac{1}{3.4.5}+.....\dfrac{1}{2008.2009.2010}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}-\dfrac{1}{4.5}+.........+\dfrac{1}{2008.2009}-\dfrac{1}{2009.2010}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2.3}-\dfrac{1}{2009.2010}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\)