Bài 5. Cho 17,4 gam MnO2 tác dụng với 100ml dung dịch HCl 5M. Sau phản ứng thu được V lít khí Clo ở điều kiện chuẩn. Tính giá trị V
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Đáp án : A
MnO2 + 4HCl -> MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
=> nCl2 = nMnO2 = 0,15 mol
=> VCl2 = 3,36 lit
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\left(1\right)\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\left(2\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.785}{24.79}=0.15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot0.15=0.1\left(mol\right),n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=0.15\cdot2=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=0.1\cdot27=2.7\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3}=40-2.7=37.3\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{37.3}{102}=0.36\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=0.36\cdot6=2.16\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.3+2.16=2.46\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{2.46}{2}=1.23\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
_____0,2------------------------>0,2
=> VH2 = 0,2.24,79 = 4,958 (l)
\(a,2KMnO_4+16HCl_{đặc}\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2FeCl_3\\ Ta.có:n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{39}{162,5}=0,24\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_3}=0,24\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,24=0,36\left(mol\right)\\ n_{K_2MnO_4}=\dfrac{2}{5}.0,36=0,144\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{16}{5}.0.36=1,152\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow a=m_{KMnO_4}=0,144.158=22,752\left(g\right)\\ b=C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{1,152}{0,1}=11,52\left(M\right)\\ x=m_{Fe}=0,24.56=13,44\left(g\right)\\ V=V_{Cl_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,36.22,4=8,064\left(l\right) \)
\(b,n_{KCl}=n_{MnCl_2}=\dfrac{2}{5}.0,36=0,144\left(mol\right)\\ KCl+AgNO_3\rightarrow AgCl\downarrow\left(trắng\right)+KNO_3\\ MnCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow2AgCl\downarrow\left(trắng\right)+Mn\left(NO_3\right)_2\\ n_{AgNO_3}=n_{AgCl}=n_{KCl}+2.n_{MnCl_2}=0,144+2.0,144=0,432\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{AgCl\downarrow\left(trắng\right)}=143,5.0,432=61,992\left(g\right)\\ m_{AgNO_3}=0,432.170=73,44\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ddAgNO_3}=\dfrac{73,44.100}{5}=1468,8\left(g\right)\)
Sửa đề: 3,785 (l) → 3,7185 (l)
a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{40}.100\%=6,75\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=93,25\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{40.93,25\%}{102}=\dfrac{373}{1020}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}+6n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{212}{85}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{\dfrac{212}{85}}{2}=\dfrac{106}{85}\left(l\right)\approx1247,06\left(ml\right)\)
d, \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}+2n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{212}{255}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{212}{255}.133,5=\dfrac{9434}{85}\left(g\right)\)
e, \(C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{212}{255}}{\dfrac{106}{85}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\)
a, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
____0,1_____0,2______0,1_____0,1 (mol)
\(V_{H_2}=0,1.24,79=2,479\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,1.136=13,6\left(g\right)\)
b, \(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\)
c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{12}{80}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,15}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\), ta được CuO dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{CuO\left(pư\right)}=n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ m chất rắn = mCuO (dư) + mCu = 0,05.80 + 0,1.64 = 10,4 (g)
PTHH: \(MnO_2+4HCl\rightarrow MnCl_2+Cl_2+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MnO_2}=\dfrac{17,4}{87}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,5}{4}\) \(\Rightarrow\) MnO2 còn dư, tính theo HCl
\(\Rightarrow n_{Cl_2}=0,125\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{Cl_2}=0,125\cdot22,4=2,8\left(l\right)\)