Rút gọn biểu thức
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{3+2\sqrt{2}}\)
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Xét \(\sqrt{2}.A=\sqrt{\dfrac{4+2\sqrt{3}}{2}}-\sqrt{\dfrac{4-2\sqrt{3}}{2}}\)
= \(\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(1+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{2}}-\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(1-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{2}}\)
= \(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2}}\)
<=> A = 1
a) \(\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}}{1-\sqrt{3}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-5}{1-\sqrt{5}}\right):\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{5}}\)
\(=\left[-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{\sqrt{3}-1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(1-\sqrt{5}\right)}{1-\sqrt{5}}\right]\cdot\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{5}\right)\)
\(=\left(-\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{5}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{5}\right)\)
\(=-\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{5}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{5}\right)\)
\(=-\left(2-5\right)\)
\(=-\left(-3\right)\)
\(=3\)
b) Ta có:
\(x^2-x\sqrt{3}+1\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\cdot x+\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Mà: \(\left(x-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\) nên
\(\left(x-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(\left(x-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
Vậy: GTNN của biểu thức là \(\dfrac{1}{4}\) tại \(x=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
a)
\(\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}}{1-\sqrt{3}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-5}{1-\sqrt{5}}\right):\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{5}}\\ =\left(-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{\sqrt{3}-1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(1-\sqrt{5}\right)}{1-\sqrt{5}}\right).\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{5}\right)\\ =\left(-\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{5}\right).\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{5}\right)\\ =-\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{5}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{5}\right)\\ =-\left(\sqrt{2}^2-\sqrt{5}^2\right)\\ =-\left(2-5\right)\\ =-\left(-3\right)\\ =3\)
\(A=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{1+\sqrt{1+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{1-\sqrt{1-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{1+\sqrt{\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2}}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{1-\sqrt{\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2}}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{1+\frac{\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}}{2}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{1-\frac{\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{3}}}{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{1+\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}}{2}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{1-\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}}{2}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{\frac{3+\sqrt{3}}{2}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{\frac{3-\sqrt{3}}{2}}=\frac{2\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}+\frac{2\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}{\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\frac{4-2\sqrt{3}+4+2\sqrt{3}}{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}\right)=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}.\frac{8}{2}=\frac{8}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{8\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
\(\frac{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}}}{2}:\left(\frac{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}}{2}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{6}}+\frac{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}}{2\sqrt{3}}\right).\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}}}{4}:\left(\frac{2\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}}{4}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{6}}+\frac{2\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}}{4\sqrt{3}}\right)\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{3}}}{4}:\left(\frac{\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}}{4}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{6}}+\frac{\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}}{4\sqrt{3}}\right)\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}}{4}:\left[\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}}{4}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{6}}+\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}}{4\sqrt{3}}\right]\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{4}:\left[\frac{\sqrt{6}\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}{4\sqrt{6}}-\frac{2.4}{4\sqrt{6}}+\frac{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}{4\sqrt{6}}\right]\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{4}:\frac{\sqrt{18}+\sqrt{6}-8+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{2}}{4\sqrt{6}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{4}.\frac{4\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{9}+2\sqrt{3}+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{6}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}=\frac{\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}\)............
\(\forall k\ge0\)ta có :
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}}=\frac{\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}}{\left(\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}}{k+1-k}=\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\)
Bạn áp dụng công thức này vào dãy trên ta sẽ có các số hạng triệt tiêu đi nhau và ra kết quả
\(A=\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}}\)
\(=\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}\)
\(=-1+\sqrt{100}=\sqrt{100}-1=10-1=9\)
A = \(\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}\) + \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}\) + . . . . . . . . . + \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{99+\sqrt{100}}}\)
= \(\sqrt{2}\) - 1 + \(\sqrt{2}\) - \(\sqrt{3}\) + . . . . . . . + \(\sqrt{100}\) - \(\sqrt{99}\)
= - 1 + \(\sqrt{100}\) = \(\sqrt{100}\) - 1 = 10 - 1 = 9
Ta xét biểu thức sau :
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left[\left(\sqrt{n+1}\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{n}\right)^2\right]}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)(với n > 0)
Áp dụng : \(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{100\sqrt{99}+99\sqrt{100}}\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{99}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\right)\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{99}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}=1-\frac{1}{10}=\frac{9}{10}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)}{3-2}+\frac{3-2\sqrt{2}}{9-8}\)
\(=2\sqrt{3}+2\sqrt{2}+3-2\sqrt{2}\)
\(=2\sqrt{3}+3\)