giải hệ pt
\(y+\sqrt{y^2+1}=2x+1\)
\(x+\sqrt{x^2+1}=2y+1\)
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a.
ĐKXĐ: \(1\le x\le7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1-2\sqrt{x-1}+2\sqrt{7-x}-\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(7-x\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)-\sqrt{7-x}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{7-x}\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}=\sqrt{7-x}\\\sqrt{x-1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=7-x\\x-1=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
b. ĐKXĐ: ...
Biến đổi pt đầu:
\(x\left(y-1\right)-\left(y-1\right)^2=\sqrt{y-1}-\sqrt{x}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{y-1}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2-b^4=b-a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b^2\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)+a-b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(b^2\left(a+b\right)+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{y-1}\Rightarrow y=x+1\)
Thế vào pt dưới:
\(3\sqrt{5-x}+3\sqrt{5x-4}=2x+7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-\sqrt{5x-4}\right)+7-x-3\sqrt{5-x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3\left(x^2-5x+4\right)}{x+\sqrt{5x-4}}+\dfrac{x^2-5x+4}{7-x+3\sqrt{5-x}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-5x+4\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{x+\sqrt{5x-4}}+\dfrac{1}{7-x+3\sqrt{5-x}}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
ĐKXĐ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-1\\y\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có : \(x+\sqrt{\left(x+1\right).y}=2y-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1+\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)y}-2y=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+1}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x+1}+2\sqrt{y}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+1}=\sqrt{y}\left(1\right)\\\sqrt{x+1}+2\sqrt{y}=0\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ (2) ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\) (tm)
Thử lại ta có (x;y) = (-1;0) là 1 nghiệm của hệ phương trình
Từ (1) ta có : x + 1 = y
Khi đó \(\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{y}=x^2-y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}=x^2-x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{2x+3}-3\right)+\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)=x^2-x-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x-6}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{x-3}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}=x+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với x = 3 => y = 4 (tm)
Với \(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}=x+2\)
Vì \(x\ge-1\) nên \(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}\le\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
nên \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=1\)
lại có \(VP\ge1\) khi x \(\ge-1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = -1 => y = 0 (tm)
Vậy (x;y) = (-1;0) ; (3;4)
đk: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-1\\y\ge0\\x^2>y\end{matrix}\right.\)
pt đầu \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)y}=2y-x-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)y=4y^2+x^2+1+2x-4xy-4y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4y^2-5xy+2x-5y+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x-4y\right)+\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-4y\right)+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y+1\right)\left(x-4y+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=x+1\\x=4y-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(y=x+1\) thay vào pt thứ hai, ta được
\(\sqrt{2x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}=x^2-x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{2x+3}-3\right)+\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)=x^2-x-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x-6}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{x-3}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}-\left(x-3\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}-x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\left(nhận\right)\\\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}-x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1.1: \(x=3\Rightarrow y=x+1=4\) (nhận)
TH1.2:\(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+3}+3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}-x+2=0\) (chỗ này mai mình nghĩ tiếp)
TH2: \(x=4y-1\). Thay vào pt thứ hai, ta được
\(\sqrt{8y+1}+\sqrt{y}=16y^2-9y+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{8y+1}-1\right)+\sqrt{y}=16y^2-9y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{8y}{\sqrt{8y+1}+1}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{y}}-16y^2+9y=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(\dfrac{8}{\sqrt{8y+1}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}-16y+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=0\\\dfrac{8}{\sqrt{8y+1}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}-16y+9=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2.1: \(y=0\) \(\Rightarrow x=4y-1=-1\) (nhận)
TH2.2: \(\dfrac{8}{\sqrt{8y+1}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}-16y+9=0\)
(đoạn này để mai mình nghĩ tiếp nhé, ta tìm được các nghiệm \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-1;0\right);\left(3;4\right)\))
a) \(ĐK:y-2x+1\ge0;4x+y+5\ge0;x+2y-2\ge0,x\le1\)
Th1: \(\hept{\begin{cases}y-2x+1=0\\3-3x=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}0=0\\-1=\sqrt{10}-1\end{cases}}\)(không thỏa mãn)
Th2: \(x,y\ne1\)
\(2x^2-y^2+xy-5x+y+2=\sqrt{y-2x+1}-\sqrt{3-3x}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-2\right)\left(2x-y-1\right)=\frac{x+y-2}{\sqrt{y-2x+1}+\sqrt{3-3x}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-2\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{y-2x+1}+\sqrt{3-3x}}+y-2x+1\right)=0\)
Dễ thấy \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{y-2x+1}+\sqrt{3-3x}}+y-2x+1>0\)nên x + y - 2 = 0
Thay y = 2 - x vào phương trình \(x^2-y-1=\sqrt{4x+y+5}-\sqrt{x+2y-2}\), ta được: \(x^2+x-3=\sqrt{3x+7}-\sqrt{2-x}\)\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x-2=\sqrt{3x+7}-1+2-\sqrt{2-x}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)=\frac{3\left(x+2\right)}{\sqrt{3x+7}+1}+\frac{x+2}{2+\sqrt{2-x}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt{3x+7}+1}+\frac{1}{2+\sqrt{2-x}}+1-x\right)=0\)
Vì \(x\le1\)nên\(\frac{3}{\sqrt{3x+7}+1}+\frac{1}{2+\sqrt{2-x}}+1-x>0\)suy ra x = -2 nên y = 4
Vậy nghiệm của hệ phương trình là (x;y) = (-2;4)
b) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+y^2=5\\x^3+2y^3=10x-10y\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2\left(x^2+y^2\right)=10\left(1\right)\\x^3+2y^3=10\left(x-y\right)\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)
Thay (1) vào (2), ta được: \(x^3+2y^3=2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x-y\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(2y-x\right)\left(x^2+2y^2\right)=0\)
* Th1: \(x^2+2y^2=0\)(*)
Mà \(x^2\ge0\forall x;2y^2\ge0\forall y\Rightarrow x^2+2y^2\ge0\)nên (*) xảy ra khi x = y = 0 nhưng cặp nghiệm này không thỏa mãn hệ
* Th2: 2y - x = 0 suy ra x = 2y thay vào (1), ta được: \(y^2=1\Rightarrow y=\pm1\Rightarrow x=\pm2\)
Vậy hệ có 2 nghiệm \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(2;1\right);\left(-2;-1\right)\right\}\)
\(\begin{aligned} &\text { Điêu kiện }\left\{\begin{array}{l} 2 x+y \geq 0 \\ x-2 y+1 \geq 0 \end{array}\right.\\ &\text { Ta có hệ phương trình dã cho } \Leftrightarrow\left\{\begin{array}{l} 3 \sqrt{2 x+y}+\sqrt{x-2 y+1}=5 \\ 2 \sqrt{x-2 y+1}-(5 x+10 y)=9 \end{array}\right.\\ &\text { Đặt } u=\sqrt{2 x+y},(\mathrm{u} \geq 0) \text { và } v=\sqrt{x-2 y+1},(v \geq 0)\\ &\text { Suy ra }\left\{\begin{array}{l} 2 x+y=u^{2} \\ x-2 y+1=v^{2} \end{array} \Rightarrow\left\{\begin{array}{l} 2 x+y=u^{2} \\ x-2 y=v^{2}-1 \end{array}\right.\right.\\ &\text { Ta có } 5 x+10 y=m(2 x+y)+n(x-2 y), \text { suy ra }\left\{\begin{array}{l} 2 m+n=5 \\ m-2 n=10 \end{array} \Rightarrow\left\{\begin{array}{l} m=4 \\ n=-3 \end{array}\right.\right.\\ &\text { Vậy } 5 x+10 y=4(2 x+y)-3(x-2 y)=4 u^{2}-3\left(v^{2}-1\right) \end{aligned}\)
\(\text{Vậy ta có hệ phương trình}: \begin{array}{*{20}{l}} {\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{l}} {3u + v = 5}\\ {2v - \left( {4{u^2} - 3{v^2} + 3} \right) = 9} \end{array}} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{l}} {v = 5 - 3u}\\ {4{u^2} - 3{v^2} - 2v + 12 = 0} \end{array}} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{l}} {v = 5 - 3u}\\ {23{u^2} - 96u + 73 = 0} \end{array}} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} u = 1\\ v = 2 \end{array} \right.\\ \left\{ \begin{array}{l} u = \dfrac{{73}}{{23}}\\ v = - \dfrac{{104}}{{23}} \end{array} \right. \end{array} \right.} \end{array}\)
\(\text{Trường hợp 1}: \left\{\begin{array}{l}u=1 \\ v=2\end{array} \Rightarrow\left\{\begin{array}{l}2 x+y=1 \\ x-2 y=3\end{array} \Leftrightarrow\left\{\begin{array}{l}x=1 \\ y=-1\end{array}\right. (tm) \right.\right.\\ \text{Trường hợp 2}: \left\{\begin{array}{l}u=\dfrac{73}{23} \\ v=-\dfrac{104}{23}\end{array}\right. (ktm \left.v \geq 0\right)\\ \text{Vậy hệ phương trình đã cho có nghiệm} \left\{\begin{array}{l}x=1 \\ y=-1\end{array}\right..\)
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y\ge1\\x+2y\ge2\\x+4y\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(pt\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(2x+y-1\right)-\left(x+2y-2\right)}{\sqrt{2x+y-1}+\sqrt{x+2y-2}}+\left(x-y+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-y+1}{\sqrt{2x+y-1}+\sqrt{x+2y-2}}+\left(x-y+1\right)=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x+y-1}+\sqrt{x+2y-2}}+1\right)=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow x-y+1=0\)
Thế vào pt 2 => x;y
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2x+y-1}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{x+2y-2}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a^2-b^2=x-y+1\)
Phương trình thứ nhất trở thành:
\(a-b+a^2-b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(1+a+b\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+y-1}=\sqrt{x+2y-2}\Rightarrow y=x+1\)
Thay xuống pt dưới:
\(4x^2-\left(x+1\right)^2+x+4-\sqrt{3x+1}-\sqrt{5x+4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-x+3-\sqrt{3x+1}-\sqrt{5x+4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-3x+x+1-\sqrt{3x+1}+x+2-\sqrt{5x+4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x\left(x-1\right)+\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(3x+1\right)}{x+1+\sqrt{3x+1}}+\frac{\left(x+2\right)^2-\left(5x+4\right)}{x+2+\sqrt{5x+4}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x\left(x-1\right)+\frac{x\left(x-1\right)}{x+1+\sqrt{3x+1}}+\frac{x\left(x-1\right)}{x+2+\sqrt{5x+4}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-1\right)\left(3+\frac{1}{x+1+\sqrt{3x+1}}+\frac{1}{x+2+\sqrt{5x+4}}\right)=0\)
ĐKXĐ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x^2+2y+2\ge0\\3x+y\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có : \(\left(\sqrt{4x^2+3}-2x\right)\left(\sqrt{y^2-2y+4}-y+1\right)=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{4x^2+3}+2x}.\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{y^2-2y+4}+y-1}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{4x^2+3}+2x\right)\left(\sqrt{y^2-2y+4}+y-1\right)=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{4x^2+3}+2x\right)\left(\sqrt{y^2-2y+4}+y-1\right)=\left(\sqrt{4x^2+3}-2x\right)\left(\sqrt{y^2-2y+4}-y+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\sqrt{y^2-2y+4}+\left(y-1\right).\sqrt{4x^2+3}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\sqrt{y^2-2y+4}=\left(1-y\right).\sqrt{4x^2+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x^2.\left(y^2-2y+4\right)=\left(y^2-2y+1\right).\left(4x^2+3\right)\\2x.\left(1-y\right)\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x^2=y^2-2y+1\\2x\left(1-y\right)\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=y-1\\2x=1-y\end{matrix}\right.\\2x\left(1-y\right)\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với 2x = 1 - y
Khi đó ta có \(\sqrt{4x^2+2y+2}-\sqrt{3x+y}=2x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4x^2-4x+4}-\sqrt{x+1}=2x+1\) (ĐK : \(x\ge-1\))
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x^2-x+1}-\sqrt{x+1}=2x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\sqrt{x^2-x+1}-1\right)=2x+\sqrt{x+1}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x^2-x+1}+1}=2x+\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{x+1}+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\\dfrac{2x-2}{\sqrt{x^2-x+1}}=2+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+1}\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Phương trình (1)
<=> \(\dfrac{2\left(x+1\right)}{\sqrt{x^2-x+1}}=2+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+1}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x^2-x+1}}\)
Xét vế trái : \(\dfrac{2\left(x+1\right)}{\sqrt{x^2-x+1}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{4x^2+4x+1}{x^2-x+1}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{5x^2-5x+5-x^2+9x-4}{x^2-x+1}}\)
\(=\sqrt{5-\dfrac{x^2-9x+4}{x^2-x+1}}< \sqrt{5}\) (2)
Lại có \(2+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+1}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{x^2-x+1}}\)
\(=2+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-x+1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-x+1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-x+1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-x+1}}\)
\(\ge2+\dfrac{\left(1+1+1+1+1\right)^2}{\sqrt{x+1}+1+4\sqrt{x^2-x+1}}=2+\dfrac{25}{\sqrt{x+1}+1+4\sqrt{x^2-x+1}}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+1}+1}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-x+1}}\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\approx3,498374325\\x\approx-0,7385661113\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó \(VP\ge3,6\) (3)
Từ (3) và (2) => (1) vô nghiệm
Vậy x = 0 => y = 1
Với 2x = y - 1 kết hợp điều kiện 2x(1 - y) \(\ge0\)
ta được x = 0 ; y = 1
Vậy (x ; y) = (0;1)
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