cho 3 số thực dương x,y,z khác 0 và khác nhau đổi một thỏa mãn x y z 0 tính giá trị A x 2 yz 2x 2 y 2 zx 2y 2 z 2 xy 2z 2
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Do \(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-\left(y+z\right)\Rightarrow x^2=\left(y+z\right)^2\Rightarrow4yz-x^2=4yz-\left(y+z^2\right)=-\left(y-z\right)^2\)
Tương tự \(4zx-y^2=-\left(z-x\right)^2\)
\(4xy-z^2=-\left(x-y\right)^2\)
Ta lại có: \(yz+2x^2=yz+x^2-x\left(y+z\right)=yz+x^2-xy-xz=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\)
Tương tự: \(zx+2y^2=\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)\)
\(xy+2z^2=\left(y-z\right)\left(y-y\right)\)
\(P=\frac{\left(4yz-x^2\right)\left(4zx-y^2\right)\left(4xy-z^2\right)}{\left(yz+2x^2\right)\left(zx+2y^2\right)\left(xy+2z^2\right)}=\frac{-\left(y-z\right)^2\left(z-x\right)^2\left(x-y^2\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-\left(y-z\right)^2\left(z-x\right)^2\left(x-y\right)^2}{-\left(y-z\right)^2\left(z-x\right)^2\left(x-y\right)^2}=1\)
\(\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2\ge3xyz\left(x+y+z\right)=9\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx\ge3\)
\(2\left(x^2+y^2\right)-xy\ge\left(x+y\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\)
Tương tự và nhân vế với vế:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{27}{64}\left[\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\right]^2\)
Mặt khác ta có:
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-xyz\)
\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-\sqrt[3]{xyz}.\sqrt[3]{xy.yz.zx}\)
\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)-\dfrac{1}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}.\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{27}{64}.\dfrac{64}{81}.3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^3\ge3^3=27\) (đpcm)
ta có xy+yz+zx=0=> \(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\)
đặt \(\frac{1}{x}=a,\frac{1}{y}=b,\frac{1}{z}=c\Rightarrow a+b+c=0\)
ta xét \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3ab-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
=> \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}=\frac{3}{xyz}\)
=> \(M=\frac{yz}{x^2}+\frac{zx}{y^2}+\frac{xy}{z^2}=\frac{xyz}{x^3}+\frac{xyz}{y^3}+\frac{xyz}{z^3}=xyz\left(\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}\right)=xyz.\frac{3}{xyz}=3\)
=> M=3