CMR với mọi số tự nhiên n nhỏ hơn hoặc bằng 3:\(B=\frac{1}{3^3}+\frac{1}{4^3}+\frac{1}{5^3}+...+\frac{1}{n^3}< \frac{1}{12}\)
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vì bài dài quá nên mình làm từng bài 1 nhé
1. Ta thấy : \(\frac{1}{n^3}< \frac{1}{n^3-n}=\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(n+1\right)-\left(n-1\right)}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\left[\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right]\)
Do đó :
\(B< \frac{1}{2}.\left[\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right]< \frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{6}=\frac{1}{12}\)
2.
Nhận xét : \(1+\frac{1}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n\left(n+2\right)}\)
Do đó :
\(A=\frac{2^2}{1.3}.\frac{3^2}{2.4}.\frac{4^2}{3.5}...\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{2.3...\left(n+1\right)}{1.2...n}.\frac{2.3...\left(n+1\right)}{3.4...\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{n+1}{1}.\frac{2}{n+2}< 2\)
\(\frac{1}{3^3}< \frac{1}{2.3.4}\) \(\frac{1}{4^3}< \frac{1}{3.4.5}\) \(\frac{1}{5^3}< \frac{1}{4.5.6}\) ..... \(\frac{1}{n^3}< \frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{2.3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4.5}+\frac{1}{4.5.6}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{2}{2.3.4}+\frac{2}{3.4.5}+\frac{2}{4.5.6}+...+\frac{2}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{4-2}{2.3.4}+\frac{5-3}{3.4.5}+\frac{6-4}{4.5.6}+...+\frac{\left(n+1\right)-\left(n-1\right)}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+\frac{1}{4.5}-\frac{1}{5.6}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{6}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)=\frac{1}{12}-\frac{1}{2n\left(n+1\right)}< \frac{1}{12}\)
gọi A là vế trái của bất đẳng thức trên
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{k^3}< \frac{1}{k^3-k}=\frac{1}{k.\left(k-1\right)\left(k+1\right)}\)
Do đó : A < \(\frac{1}{2^3-2}+\frac{1}{3^3-3}+...+\frac{1}{n^3-n}=\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\)
Đặt C = \(\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\)
Ta thấy \(\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{2}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\)
nên
C = \(\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)=\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{2n\left(n+1\right)}< \frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy ....
Ta có :
\(\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{3^3}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{n^3}
Đặt \(A=\frac{3}{9.14}+\frac{3}{14.19}+.......+\frac{3}{\left(5n-1\right)\left(5n+4\right)}\)
\(5A=\frac{15}{9.14}+\frac{15}{14.19}+.....+\frac{15}{\left(5n-1\right)\left(5n+4\right)}\)
\(5A=3.\left(\frac{5}{9.14}+\frac{5}{14.19}+......+\frac{5}{\left(5n-1\right)\left(5n+4\right)}\right)\)
\(5A=3.\left(\frac{1}{9}-\frac{1}{14}+\frac{1}{14}-\frac{1}{19}+.....+\frac{1}{5n-1}-\frac{1}{5n+4}\right)\)
\(5A=3.\left(\frac{1}{9}-\frac{1}{5n+4}\right)\)
\(5A=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5n+4}\)
=> \(5A<\frac{1}{3}\)
=> \(A<\frac{1}{3}:5\)
hay \(A<\frac{1}{15}\) \(\left(đpcm\right)\)
Nhớ nhé bạn