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\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10.8}{27}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{22.4}{98}=\dfrac{8}{35}\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(2............3\)
\(0.4..........\dfrac{8}{35}\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.4}{2}>\dfrac{\dfrac{8}{35}}{3}\Rightarrow Aldư\)
\(m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.4-\dfrac{8}{35}\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\cdot27=6.68\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{8}{35\cdot3}\cdot342=26.05\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=\dfrac{8}{35}\cdot22.4=5.12\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{1,35}{27}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow2Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05}{2}=0,025\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,025=8,55\left(g\right)\\ b,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ c,m_{H_2SO_4}=0,075.98=7,35\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{1,35}{27}=0,05mol\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,05 0,075 0,025 0,075
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,025\cdot342=8,55g\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,075\cdot22,4=1,68l\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,075\cdot98=7,35g\)
PTHH: \(2Al\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{7,8}{78}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15mol\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,05mol\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\cdot98=14,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,05\cdot342=17,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
n H2SO4=\(\dfrac{10\%.490}{2+32+16.4}=0,5mol\)
n Al2O3 =\(\dfrac{10,2}{27.2+16.3}=0,1mol\)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
bđ 0,1............0,5
pư 0,1............0,3..................0,1
spu 0 ................0,2................0,1
=> sau pư gồm H2SO4 dư , Al2(S04)3 và H2O
m H2SO4 dư = \(0,2.\left(2+32+16.3\right)=19,6g\)
m Al2(SO4)3 = \(0,1\left(27.2+32.3+16.4.3\right)=34,2g\)
m dd = \(490+10,2=500,2g\)
% Al2(SO4)3 = \(\dfrac{34,2}{500,2}.100\sim6,84\%\)
% H2SO4 dư = \(\dfrac{19,6}{500,2}.100\sim3,92\%\)
\(a,PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\text{Số nguyên tử Al là }2\\ b,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,2\cdot342=68,4\left(g\right)\\ c,C_1:n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,6\cdot98=58,8\left(g\right)\\ C_2:n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,4\cdot27=10,8\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2}=0,6\cdot2=1,2\left(g\right)\\ \text{Bảo toàn KL: }m_{H_2SO_4}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}+m_{H_2}-m_{Al}=68,4+1,2-10,8=58,8\left(g\right)\)
n O H - = n H + = 0 , 06 m o l T h e o ( * * ) n B a S O 4 = n B a 2 + = 0 , 04 m o l T h e o ( * * * ) n O H - = 3 x 0 , 03 x 2 = 0 , 18 m o l ; n A l ( O H ) 3 = 0 , 03 x 2 = 0 , 06 m o l T h e o ( * * * * ) n O H - = 0 , 18 + 0 , 04 x 2 - 0 , 06 - 0 , 18 = 0 , 02 m o l n A l ( O H ) 3 d ư = 0 , 06 - 0 , 02 = 0 , 04 m o l .
→ m↓ = mAl(OH)3 + mBaSO4 = 0,04 × 78 + 0,04 × 233 = 12,44 gam
→ Đáp án đúng là đáp án D
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49}{98}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(Bđ:0.2..........0.5\)
\(Pư:0.2.........0.3..............0.1............0.3\)
\(Kt:0...........0.2...............0.1.............0.3\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0.1\cdot342=34.2\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(l\right)\)
1. Gọi mol của Mg và Al là x, y mol
=> 24x + 27y = 12,6 (1)
nH2 = 0,6 mol => x + 1,5y = 0,6 (2)
Từ (1) (2) => x = 0,3 ; y = 0,2
=> %Mg = 57,14%
=> %Al = 42,86%
1. Gọi mol của Mg và Al là x, y mol
=> 24x + 27y = 12,6 (1)
nH2 = 0,6 mol => x + 1,5y = 0,6 (2)
Từ (1) (2) => x = 0,3 ; y = 0,2
=> %Mg = 57,14%
=> %Al = 42,86%
1. Gọi mol của Mg và Al là x, y mol
=> 24x + 27y = 12,6 (1)
nH2 = 0,6 mol => x + 1,5y = 0,6 (2)
Từ (1) (2) => x = 0,3 ; y = 0,2
=> %Mg = 57,14%
=> %Al = 42,86%
nAl = 10.2/102 = 0.1 mol
nH2SO4 = 0.5 mol
BT AL :
nAl2(SO4)3 = nAl2O3 = 0.1 mol
=> mAl2(SO4)3 = 34.2 g