cho A^2=x^2+y^2+xy và x+y=z.CMR 2A^4=x^4+y^4+z^4
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a) \(\left(x+a\right)\left(x+2a\right)\left(x+3a\right)\left(x+4a\right)+a^4\)
\(=\left[\left(x+a\right)\left(x+4a\right)\right]\left[\left(x+2a\right)\left(x+3a\right)\right]+a^4\)
\(=\left(x^2+5ax+4a^2\right)\left(x^2+5ax+6a^2\right)+a^4\)
\(=\left(x^2+5ax+5a^2\right)^2-\left(a^2\right)^2+a^4\)
\(=\left(x^2+5ax+5a^2\right)^2\)
b) \(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left[x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\right]+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2+2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz+zx\right)^2\)
Ta chứng minh \(\frac{x^4+y^4}{x^2+y^2}\ge\frac{\frac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}{2}}{x^2+y^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2}{2}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+xz+yz=3\)
a) \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{2}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{y}{3}\right)^2=\dfrac{x.y}{2.3}=\dfrac{54}{6}=9\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=36\\y^2=81\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm6\\y=\pm9\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{3}\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{5}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{y}{3}\right)^2=\dfrac{x^2-y^2}{5^2-3^2}=\dfrac{4}{16}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=\dfrac{25}{4}\\y^2=\dfrac{9}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm\dfrac{5}{2}\\y=\pm\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c: Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}\)
nên \(\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{7}\)
nên \(\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{21}\)
mà \(\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}\)
nên \(\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{21}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:
\(\dfrac{x}{10}=\dfrac{y}{15}=\dfrac{z}{21}=\dfrac{92}{46}=2\)
Do đó: x=20; y=30; z=42
a) \(\left(x+a\right)\left(x+2a\right)\left(x+3a\right)\left(x+4a\right)+a^4\)
\(=\left[\left(x+a\right)\left(x+4a\right)\right]\cdot\left[\left(x+2a\right)\left(x+3a\right)\right]+a^4\)
\(=\left(x^2+5ax+4a^2\right)\left(x^2+5ax+6a^2\right)+a^4\)
\(=\left(x^2+5ax+5a^2-a^2\right)\left(x^2+5ax+5a^2+a^2\right)+a^4\)\
\(=\left(x^2+5ax+5a^2\right)^2-a^4+a^4\)
\(=\left(x^2+5ax+5a^2\right)^2\)
b) Đặt \(a=x^2+y^2+z^2\); \(b=xy+yz+xz\)
\(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2\)
\(=a\left(a+2b\right)+b^2\)
\(=a^2+2ab+b^2=\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz+zx\right)^2\)
a) \left(x+a\right)\left(x+2a\right)\left(x+3a\right)\left(x+4a\right)+a^4(x+a)(x+2a)(x+3a)(x+4a)+a4
=\left[\left(x+a\right)\left(x+4a\right)\right]\cdot\left[\left(x+2a\right)\left(x+3a\right)\right]+a^4=[(x+a)(x+4a)]⋅[(x+2a)(x+3a)]+a4
=\left(x^2+5ax+4a^2\right)\left(x^2+5ax+6a^2\right)+a^4=(x2+5ax+4a2)(x2+5ax+6a2)+a4
=\left(x^2+5ax+5a^2-a^2\right)\left(x^2+5ax+5a^2+a^2\right)+a^4=(x2+5ax+5a2−a2)(x2+5ax+5a2+a2)+a4\
=\left(x^2+5ax+5a^2\right)^2-a^4+a^4=(x2+5ax+5a2)2−a4+a4
=\left(x^2+5ax+5a^2\right)^2=(x2+5ax+5a2)2
b) Đặt a=x^2+y^2+z^2a=x2+y2+z2; b=xy+yz+xzb=xy+yz+xz
\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2(x2+y2+z2)(x+y+z)2+(xy+yz+zx)2
=a\left(a+2b\right)+b^2=a(a+2b)+b2
=a^2+2ab+b^2=\left(a+b\right)^2=a2+2ab+b2=(a+b)2
=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz+zx\right)^2=(x2+y2+z2+xy+yz+zx)2
\(1,Q=\dfrac{a^4-2a^2+a^3-2a+a^2-2}{a^4-2a^2+2a^3-4a+a^2-2}\\ Q=\dfrac{\left(a^2-2\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}{\left(a^2-2\right)\left(a^2+2a+1\right)}=\dfrac{a^2+a+1}{a^2+2a+1}\)
\(Q=\dfrac{x^2+x+1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}-\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{x^2+x+1-\dfrac{3}{4}x^2-\dfrac{3}{2}x-\dfrac{3}{4}}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}\\ Q=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}x^2-\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{4}}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x-1\right)^2}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\\ Q_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(2,\text{Từ GT }\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ayz+bxz+czy}{xyz}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+czy=0\\ \text{Ta có }\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}+\dfrac{zx}{ca}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\cdot\dfrac{cxy+ayz+bzx}{abc}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\cdot\dfrac{0}{abc}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM cho các bộ bốn số không âm, ta được: \(LHS=\frac{2x^2+y^2+z^2}{4-yz}+\frac{2y^2+z^2+x^2}{4-zx}+\frac{2z^2+x^2+y^2}{4-xy}\)\(=\frac{x^2+x^2+y^2+z^2}{4-yz}+\frac{y^2+y^2+z^2+x^2}{4-zx}+\frac{z^2+z^2+x^2+y^2}{4-xy}\)\(\ge\frac{4x\sqrt{yz}}{4-yz}+\frac{4y\sqrt{zx}}{4-zx}+\frac{4z\sqrt{xy}}{4-xy}\)
Như vậy, ta cần chứng minh: \(\frac{4x\sqrt{yz}}{4-yz}+\frac{4y\sqrt{zx}}{4-zx}+\frac{4z\sqrt{xy}}{4-xy}\ge4xyz\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{yz}}{yz\left(4-yz\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{zx}}{zx\left(4-zx\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{xy}}{xy\left(4-xy\right)}\ge1\)
Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz, ta có: \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\le3\)
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{xy};\sqrt{yz};\sqrt{zx}\right)\rightarrow\left(a;b;c\right)\). Khi đó \(\hept{\begin{cases}a,b,c>0\\a+b+c\le3\end{cases}}\)
và ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{a}{a^2\left(4-a^2\right)}+\frac{b}{b^2\left(4-b^2\right)}+\frac{c}{c^2\left(4-c^2\right)}\ge1\)
Xét BĐT phụ: \(\frac{x}{x^2\left(4-x^2\right)}\ge-\frac{1}{9}x+\frac{4}{9}\left(0< x\le1\right)\)(*)
Ta có: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x^2-2x-9\right)}{9x\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\ge0\)(Đúng với mọi \(x\in(0;1]\))
Áp dụng, ta được: \(\frac{a}{a^2\left(4-a^2\right)}+\frac{b}{b^2\left(4-b^2\right)}+\frac{c}{c^2\left(4-c^2\right)}\ge-\frac{1}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{4}{9}.3\)
\(\ge-\frac{1}{9}.3+\frac{4}{3}=1\)
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
1. Chứng minh với mọi số thực a, b, c ta có 2a2+b2+c2\(\ge\)2a(b+c)
Chứng minh:
Ta có 2a2+b2+c2=(a2+b2)+(a2+c2)
Áp dụng bđt cauchy ta có
(a2+b2)+(a2+c2)\(\ge\)2ab+2ac=2a(b+c)