Câu 5: Cho 15,8 (g) K2SO3 tác dụng với dung dịch HCl 8%.
a. Tính khối lượng dung dịch axit.
b. Tính nồng độ % dung dịch sau phản ứng.
c. Tính thể tích khí sinh ra (đktc).
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\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{3,25}{65}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ct}=\dfrac{14,6.50}{100}=7,3\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,05 0,2 0,05 0,05
a) Lập tỉ số so sánh : \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{2}\)
⇒ Zn phản ứng hết , HCl dư
⇒ Tính toán dựa vào số mol của Zn
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,05.1}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{0,05.1}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{ZnCl2}=0,05.136=6,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2-\left(0,5.2\right)=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=01,.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{ddspu}=3,25+50-\left(0,05.2\right)=53,15\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{6,8.100}{53,15}=12,8\)0/0
\(C_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3,65.100}{53,15}=6,88\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
a)
$n_{Zn} = \dfraac{3,25}{65} = 0,05(mol) ; n_{HCl} = \dfrac{50.14,6\%}{36,5} = 0,2(mol)$
$Zn +2 HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
$n_{Zn} : 1 < n_{HCl} : 2$ nên HCl dư
$n_{H_2} = n_{Zn} = 0,05(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12(lít)$
b)
$n_{ZnCl_2} = n_{Zn} = 0,05 \Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2} = 0,05.136 = 6,8(gam_$
$n_{HCl\ pư} = 2n_{Zn} = 0,1(mol) \Rightarrow m_{HCl\ dư} = (0,2 - 0,1).36,5 = 3,65(gam)$
c)
$m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 3,25 + 50 - 0,05.2 = 53,15(gam)$
d)
$C\%_{ZnCl_2} = \dfrac{6,8}{53,15}.100\%= 12,8\%$
$C\%_{HCl} = \dfrac{3,65}{53,15}.100\% = 6,87\%$
\(a,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,65}{65}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,01--->0,02---->0,01---->0,01
\(V_{H_2}=0,01.22,4=0,224\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{ZnCl_2}=0,01.136=1,36\left(g\right)\\ V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,02}{2}=0,01\left(l\right)\)
a,\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
b,\(V_{H_2}=0,1.24,79=2,479\left(l\right)\)
c,\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5.100}{3,65}=200\left(g\right)\)
d,\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,1.136=13,6\left(g\right)\)
e,mdd sau pứ = 6,5+200-0,1.2 = 206,3 (g)
\(C\%_{ddZnCl_2}=\dfrac{13,6.100\%}{206,3}=6,59\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{182.5\cdot10}{100\cdot36.5}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.2......0.4..........0.2........0.2\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.5-0.4=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.1\cdot36.5=3.65\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.2\cdot22.4=4.48\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=13+182.5-0.2\cdot2=195.1\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3.65}{195.1}\cdot100\%=1.87\%\)
\(C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0.2\cdot136}{195.1}\cdot100\%=13.94\%\)
\(a)n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\xrightarrow[]{}2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot0,4=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\\ b)n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}=3.0,4=1,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=1,2.36,5=43,8\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{43,8}{10,95\%}\cdot100\%=400\left(g\right)\\ c)n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,4mol\\ m_{AlCl_3}=0,4.133,5=53,4\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2}=0,6.2=1,2\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd_{AlCl_3}}=10,8+400-1,2=409,6\left(g\right)\\ C_{\%AlCl_3}=\dfrac{53,4}{409,6}\cdot100\%\approx13\%\)
\(nFe=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
1 2 1 1 (mol)
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1 (mol)
m muối là mFeCl2
=> \(mFeCl_2=0,1.127=12,7\left(g\right)\)
\(VH_2=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
\(VHCl=100ml=0,1\left(l\right)\)
\(CM_{HCl}=\dfrac{nHCl}{VHCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2M\)
200ml = 0,2l
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,3 0,6 0,3 0,3
a) \(n_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{0,3.1}{1}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{ZnCl2}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\)
b) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,3.1}{1}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
c) Pt : \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O|\)
1 1 1 1
0,6 0,6
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,6.1}{1}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH}=0,6.40=24\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{24.100}{20}=120\left(g\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
Mol: 015 0,3 0,15 0,15
b, \(m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,15.127=19,05\left(g\right)\)
c, \(C_{M_{ddHCl}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,05}=6M\)
Câu 5 :
\(n_{K2SO3}=\dfrac{15,8}{158}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(K_2SO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+SO_2+H_2O|\)
1 2 2 1 1
0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2
a) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,1.2}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{7,3.100}{8}=91,25\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{KCl}=\dfrac{0,2.2}{2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{KCl}=0,2.74,5=14,9\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=15,8+91,25-\left(0,1.64\right)=100,65\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{KCl}=\dfrac{14,9.100}{100,65}=14,80\)0/0
c) \(n_{SO2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{SO2\left(dktc\right)}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
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