Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.
New surveys suggest that the technological tools we use to make our lives easier are killing our leisure time. We are working longer hours, taking fewer and shorter vacations (and when we do go away, we take our cell phones, PDAs, and laptops along). And, we are more stressed than ever as increased use of e-mail, voice mail, cell phones, and the Internet is destroying any idea of privacy and leisure.
Since the Industrial Revolution, people have assumed that new labor-saving devices would free them from the burdens of the workplace and give them more time to grow intellectually, creatively, and socially - exploring the arts, keeping up with current events, spending more time with friends and family, and even just "goofing off".
But here we are at the start of the 21st century, enjoying one of the greatest technological boom times in human history, and nothing could be further from the truth. The very tools that were supposed to liberate us have bound us to our work and study in ways that were inconceivable just a few years ago. It would seem that technology almost never does what we expect.
In “the old days”, the lines between work and leisure time were markedly clearer. People left their offices at a predictable time, were often completely disconnected from and out of touch with their jobs as they traveled to and from work, and were off-duty once they were home. That is no longer true. In today's highly competitive job market, employers demand increased productivity, expecting workers to put in longer hours and to keep in touch almost constantly via fax, cell phones, e-mail, or other communications devices. As a result, employees feel the need to check in on what is going on at the office, even on days off. They feel pressured to work after hours just to catch up on everything they have to do. Workers work harder and longer, change their work tasks more frequently, and have more and more reasons to worry about job security.
Bosses, colleagues, family members, lovers, and friends expect instant responses to voice mail and e-mail messages. Even college students have become bound to their desks by an environment in which faculty, friends, and other members of the college community increasingly do their work online. Studies of time spent on instant messaging services would probably show staggering use.
This is not what technology was supposed to be doing for us. New technologies, from genetic research to the Internet, offer all sorts of benefits and opportunities. But, when new tools make life more difficult and stressful rather than easier and more meaningful - and we are, as a society, barely conscious of it - then something has gone seriously awry, both with our expectations for technology and our understanding of how it should benefit us.
(From "Summit 1" by Joan Saslow & Allen Ascher)
Question 46: It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that ___________.
A. life is more relaxing with cell phones and other technological devices
B. employers are more demanding and have efficient means to monitor employees
C. it is compulsory that employees go to the office, even on days off
D. employees have more freedom to decide what time they start and finish work
Đáp án B
Dịch nghĩa: Có thể suy ra từ đoạn 4 là ____________.
A. cuộc sống thư giãn hơn với điện thoại di động và các thiết bị công nghệ khác.
B. ông chủ yêu cầu cao hơn và có các cách hiệu quả để quản lí nhân viên.
C. các nhân viên bắt buộc phải tới văn phòng, dù là ngày nghỉ.
D. nhân viên tự do hơn trong việc quyết định lúc nào thì bắt đầu hay kết thúc công việc.
Giải thích: Thực tế thì điện thoại và đồ công nghệ khiến cuộc sống áp lực hơn, không hề thư giãn nữa. Các nhân viên phải kiểm tra công việc có thể qua Internet nhưng không phải đi đến công ty vào ngày nghỉ vì họ có thể làm chúng tại nhà. Các nhân viên tự do hơn cũng sai, họ bị động hơn chứ không hề chủ động hơn.
employers demand increased productivity, expecting workers to put in longer hours and to keep in touch almost constantly via fax, cell phones, e-mail, or other communications devices - Đó chính là những công cụ hỗ trợ đắc lực cho việc quản lí của ông chủ.