Tính giới hạn I = lim x → 1 x 3 + 2 x - 10 .
A. -7
B. -5
C. + ∞
D. 2
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\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2+1}-\left(x+1\right)}{2x^2-x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}-\left(x+1\right)\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}+x+1\right)}{x\left(2x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{-2x}{x\left(2x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{-2}{\left(2x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-2}{\left(0-1\right)\left(\sqrt{1}+1\right)}=1\)
a. \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{x-2}{x^2-4}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{x-2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{1}{x+2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
b. \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3^-}\dfrac{x+3}{x-3}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3^-}\dfrac{-x-3}{3-x}\)
Do \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3^-}\left(-x-3\right)=-6< 0\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3^-}\left(3-x\right)=0\) và \(3-x>0;\forall x< 3\)
\(\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3^-}\dfrac{-x-3}{3-x}=-\infty\)
Ta có : (...) = \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\sqrt{5-x^3}-\left(x+1\right)-\left[\sqrt[3]{x^2+7}-\left(x+1\right)\right]}{x^2-1}\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\sqrt{5-x^3}-\left(x+1\right)}{x^2-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{5-x^3-\left(x+1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{5-x^3}+x+1\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{-x^3-x^2-2x+4}{...}\) \(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{-\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\left(x-1\right)}{...}\)
= \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{-\left(x^2+2x+4\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{5-x^3}+x+1\right)}=\dfrac{-7}{8}\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{x^2+7}-\left(x+1\right)}{x^2-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{x^2+7-x^3-3x^2-3x-1}{\left(x^2-1\right)\left[\sqrt[3]{\left(x+7\right)^2}+\left(x+1\right)\sqrt[3]{x^2+7}+\left(x+1\right)^2\right]}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{-\left(x^2+3x+6\right)\left(x-1\right)}{...}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{-\left(x^2+3x+6\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left[\sqrt[3]{\left(x^2+7\right)^2}+\sqrt[3]{x^2+7}\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)^2\right]}\)
\(=\dfrac{-\left(1+3+6\right)}{\left(1+1\right)\left(4+2.2+4\right)}=\dfrac{-5}{12}\)
Suy ra : \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\sqrt{5-x^3}-\sqrt[3]{x^2+7}}{x^2-1}=\dfrac{-7}{8}+\dfrac{5}{12}=\dfrac{-11}{24}\)
a: \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3}\dfrac{\sqrt{2x+10}-4}{3x-9}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3}\dfrac{2x+10-16}{3x-9}\cdot\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x+10}+4}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3}\dfrac{2\left(x-3\right)}{3\left(x-3\right)\cdot\left(\sqrt{2x+10}+4\right)}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3}\dfrac{2}{3\left(\sqrt{2x+10}+4\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{3\cdot\sqrt{6+10}+3\cdot4}=\dfrac{2}{3\cdot4+3\cdot4}=\dfrac{2}{24}=\dfrac{1}{12}\)
b: \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow7}\dfrac{\sqrt{4x+8}-6}{x^2-9x+14}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow7}\dfrac{4x+8-36}{\sqrt{4x+8}+6}\cdot\dfrac{1}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-7\right)}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow7}\dfrac{4x-28}{\left(\sqrt{4x+8}+6\right)\cdot\left(x-2\right)\left(x-7\right)}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow7}\dfrac{4}{\left(\sqrt{4x+8}+6\right)\left(x-2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4}{\left(\sqrt{4\cdot7+8}+6\right)\left(7-2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4}{5\cdot12}=\dfrac{4}{60}=\dfrac{1}{15}\)
c: \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow5}\dfrac{x^2-8x+15}{2x^2-9x-5}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow5}\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(x-5\right)}{2x^2-10x+x-5}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow5}\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(x-5\right)}{\left(x-5\right)\left(2x+1\right)}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow5}\dfrac{x-3}{2x+1}=\dfrac{5-3}{2\cdot5+1}=\dfrac{2}{11}\)
\(a=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{x^2}{x\left(\sqrt{1+x^2}+1\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}+1}=\frac{0}{2}=0\)
\(b=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\sqrt[3]{x+7}-2+2-\sqrt{5-x^2}}{x-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\frac{x-1}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x+7\right)^2}+2\sqrt[3]{x+7}+4}+\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{2+\sqrt{5-x^2}}}{x-1}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x+7\right)^2}+2\sqrt[3]{x+7}+4}+\frac{x+1}{2+\sqrt{5-x^2}}\right)=\frac{1}{12}+\frac{1}{2}=\frac{7}{12}\)
\(c=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{2x}{x\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(1+x\right)^2}+\sqrt[3]{\left(1+x\right)\left(1-x\right)}+\sqrt[3]{\left(1-x\right)^2}\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{2}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+x\right)^2}+\sqrt[3]{\left(1+x\right)\left(1-x\right)}+\sqrt[3]{\left(1-x\right)^2}}=\frac{2}{3}\)
\(d=\frac{\sqrt[3]{6}}{0}=+\infty\)
Lời giải:
a. \(\lim\limits_{x\to 1+}(x^3+x+1)=3>0\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\to 1+}(x-1)=0\) và $x-1>0$ khi $x>1$
\(\Rightarrow \lim\limits_{x\to 1+}\frac{x^3+x+1}{x-1}=+\infty\)
b.
\(\lim\limits_{x\to -1+}(3x+2)=-1<0\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\to -1+}(x+1)=0\) và $x+1>0$ khi $x>-1$
\(\Rightarrow \lim\limits_{x\to -1+}\frac{3x+2}{x+1}=-\infty\)
c.
\(\lim\limits_{x\to 2-}(x-15)=-17<0\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\to 2-}(x-2)=0\) và $x-2<0$ khi $x<2$
\(\Rightarrow \lim\limits_{x\to 2-}\frac{x-15}{x-2}=+\infty\)
\(a=\frac{0-1}{0-1}=1\)
\(b=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\frac{x^2}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+x^2\right)^2}+\sqrt[3]{1+x^2}+1}}{x^2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+x^2\right)^2}+\sqrt[3]{1+x^2}+1}=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(c=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\frac{\sqrt{x+2}-2+\sqrt{x+7}-3}{x-2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\frac{\frac{x-2}{\sqrt{x+2}+2}+\frac{x-2}{\sqrt{x+7}+3}}{x-2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+2}+2}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+7}+3}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}+2}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{9}+3}=\frac{5}{12}\)
\(a=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3}\frac{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x+3\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x^3+3x^2+9x\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3}\frac{2x+3}{x^3+3x^2+9x}=\frac{2.3+3}{3^3+2.3^2+9.3}=...\)
\(b=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^4+x^2+2x^3+2x+2\right)}=\frac{1+1}{1+1+2+2+2}=...\)
\(c=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2\left(4x^3+3x^2+2x+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x^2+x+2\right)}=\frac{4+3+2+1}{1+1+2}=...\)
\(d=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\frac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^4-x^3+x^2-x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}=\frac{1+1+1+1+1}{1+1+1}=...\)
\(Lim_{x\rightarrow3}\frac{x^4-27x}{2x^2-3x-9}=Lim_{x\rightarrow3}\frac{x\left(x^3-3^3\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x+3\right)}\)
\(=Lim_{x\rightarrow3}\frac{x\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+3x+9\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x+3\right)}=Lim_{x\rightarrow3}\frac{x\left(x^2+3x+9\right)}{2x+3}\)
\(=\frac{3\left(3^2+3.3+9\right)}{3.2+3}=\frac{3\left(9+9+9\right)}{9}=9\)
Vậy \(Lim_{x\rightarrow3}\frac{x^4-27x}{2x^2-3x-9}=9\)
a) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 2} \left( {{x^2} - 4x + 3} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 2} {x^2} - \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 2} \left( {4x} \right) + 3 = {2^2} - 4.2 + 3 = - 1\)
b) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 3} \frac{{{x^2} - 5x + 6}}{{x - 3}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 3} \frac{{\left( {x - 3} \right)\left( {x - 2} \right)}}{{x - 3}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 3} \left( {x - 2} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 3} x - 2 = 3 - 2 = 1\)
c) \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{\sqrt x - 1}}{{x - 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{{\sqrt x - 1}}{{\left( {\sqrt x - 1} \right)\left( {\sqrt x + 1} \right)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to 1} \frac{1}{{\sqrt x + 1}} = \frac{1}{{\sqrt 1 + 1}} = \frac{1}{2}\)
Đáp án A
- Ta có: