Cho các số hữu tỉ \(\dfrac{a}{b}\)và\(\dfrac{c}{d}\) với mẫu dương, trong đó \(\dfrac{a}{b}\)<\(\dfrac{c}{d}\). Chứng minh rằng:
A) ad<bc
B) \(\dfrac{a}{b}\)<\(\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\)< \(\dfrac{c}{d}\)
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
`a/b<(a+c)/(b+d)`
`<=>a(b+d)<b(a+c)`
`<=>ab+ad<ad<bc`
`<=>ad<bc`
`<=>a/b<c/d`(theo giả thiết)
`(a+c)/(b+d)<c/d`
`<=>d(a+c)<c(b+d)`
`<=>ad+cd<bc+dc`
`<=>ad<bc`
`<=>a/b<c/d`(theo giả thiết)`
`=>a/b<(a+c)/(b+d)<c/d`
Lời giải:
a.
$\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow \frac{a}{b}-\frac{c}{d}<0$
$\Rightarrow \frac{ad-bc}{bd}< 0$
$\Rightarrow ad-bc<0$ (do $bd>0$)
$\Rightarrow ad< bc$ (đpcm)
b.
$\frac{a}{b}-\frac{a+c}{b+d}=\frac{a(b+d)-b(a+c)}{b(b+d)}=\frac{ad-bc}{b(b+d)}<0$ do $ad-bc<0$ và $b(b+d)>0$
$\Rightarrow \frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}$
--------
$\frac{a+c}{b+d}-\frac{c}{d}=\frac{d(a+c)-c(b+d)}{d(b+d)}=\frac{ad-bc}{d(b+d)}<0$ do $ad-bc<0$ và $d(b+d)>0$
$\Rightarrow \frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}$
Ta có đpcm.
a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ad}{bd}< \dfrac{bc}{bd}\)
\(\Rightarrow ad< bc\) ( đpcm. )
b) Vì \(b>0;d>0\) \(\Rightarrow b+d>0\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ad< bc\) (*)
Thêm \(ab\) vào \(2\) vế (*), ta có:
\(ab+ad< ba+bc\)
\(a.\left(b+d\right)< b.\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\left(1\right)\)
Thêm \(cd\) vào \(2\) vế (*), ta được:
\(ad+cd< cb+cd\)
\(\left(a+c\right).d< c.\left(b+d\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\) suy ra:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\) ( đpcm )
a)ta có \(\dfrac{a}{b}\)<\(\dfrac{c}{d}\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{a\times d}{b\times d}\)=\(\dfrac{c\times b}{d\times b}\)\(\Rightarrow\)a\(\times\)d=c\(\times\)d\(\Rightarrow\)ad=bc
b)theo câu a ta có \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow ad=bc\)(1)
Thêm ab vào 2 vế của (1):ad+ab=bc+ab
a(b+d)<b(a+c)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\)(2)
Thêm cd vào 2 vế của (1):ad+cd<bc+cd
d(a+c)<c(b+d)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)(3)
Từ(2)và(3)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
Câu 1:
\(\dfrac{x+1}{10}+\dfrac{x+1}{11}+\dfrac{x+1}{12}=\dfrac{x+1}{13}+\dfrac{x+1}{14}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x+1}{10}+\dfrac{x+1}{11}+\dfrac{x+1}{12}\right)\) - \(\left(\dfrac{x+1}{13}+\dfrac{x+1}{14}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{13}-\dfrac{1}{14}\right)\)= 0
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{13}-\dfrac{1}{14}\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+1=0\)
=> x = 0 - 1
=> x = -1
Câu 2:
Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{3n+9}{n-4}=\dfrac{3n-3.4+9+12}{n-4}\)
\(=\dfrac{3.\left(n-4\right)+21}{n-4}=3+\dfrac{21}{n-4}\)
Để A có giá trị nguyên thì:
n - 4 \(\in\) Ư(21)
=> n - 4 \(\in\)
n4 | 3 | -3 | 7 | -7 | -1 | 1 | -21 | 21 |
n | 7 | 1 | 11 | -3 | 3 | 5 | -17 | 25 |
`a)a/b<c/d`
Nhân 2 vế cho `bd>0` ta có:
`(abd)/b<(bcd)/d`
`<=>ad<bc`
`b)ad<bc`
Chia 2 vế cho `bd>0` ta có:
`(ad)/(bd)<(bc)/(bd)`
`<=>a/b<c/d`.
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b^2}=x\\\dfrac{b}{c^2}=y\\\dfrac{c}{a^2}=z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow xyz=1;x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\)
Ta có \(x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz-1+x+y+z-xy-yz-zx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\left(z-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\\z=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b^2}=1\\\dfrac{b}{c^2}=1\\\dfrac{c}{a^2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b^2\\b=c^2\\c=a^2\end{matrix}\right.\left(đpcm\right)\)
Hằng đẳng thức:
\(\left(x-y-z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(yz-xy-zx\right)=x^2+y^2+z^2-2\left(xy+xz-yz\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=\left(x-y-z\right)^2+2\left(xy+xz-yz\right)\)
Giờ thay \(x=\dfrac{1}{a}\) ; \(y=\dfrac{1}{b}\); \(z=\dfrac{1}{c}\) là ra cái người ta làm
a) \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow ad< bc\)
b) Tham khảo:https://olm.vn/hoi-dap/tim-kiem?q=cho+c%C3%A1c+s%E1%BB%91+h%E1%BB%AFu+t%E1%BB%89+a/b+v%C3%A0+c/d+v%E1%BB%9Bi+m%E1%BA%ABu+d%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+,+trong+%C4%91%C3%B3+a/b+%3Cc/d+.+c/m+r%E1%BA%B1ng+a)+a.d+%3Cb.c+b)+a/b+%3C+(a+c)/(b+d)%3Cc/d+&id=174343
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\\b,d>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}.bd< \dfrac{c}{d}.bd\Rightarrow ad< bc\)
b) Ta có: \(ad< bc\Rightarrow ad+ab< bc+ab\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\left(1\right)\)(do \(b,d>0\))
\(bc>ad\Rightarrow bc+cd>ad+cd\)
\(\Rightarrow c\left(b+d\right)>d\left(a+c\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{d}>\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)