Cho a,b,c > 0 . Tìm GTNN của \(P=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}-\frac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
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Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)}{4abc}\)
\(=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ac}+\frac{1}{bc}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ac}+\frac{1}{bc}\ge\frac{9}{ab+ac+bc}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}\ge\frac{9}{4}\left(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ac}\right)-\frac{3}{2}\left(1\right)\)
Lại có:\(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{15}\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\right)\left(2\right)\).Từ (1);(2) có:
\(P=\frac{1}{30}-\frac{3}{2}+\frac{1}{5}\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\right)+\frac{9}{4}\left(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}\right)-\frac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{15}\left(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ac}+\frac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-22\right)\ge-\frac{4}{3}\)
đề thi hsg toán lớp 9 tỉnh thanh hóa năm 2016-2017 mà
Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)}{4abc}\)
\(=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ac}+\frac{1}{bc}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ac}+\frac{1}{bc}\ge\frac{9}{ab+ac+bc}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}\ge\frac{9}{4}\left(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ac}\right)-\frac{3}{2}\left(1\right)\)
Lại có: \(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{15}\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\)\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{1}{30}-\frac{3}{2}+\frac{1}{5}\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\right)+\frac{9}{4}\left(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}\right)-\frac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{15}\left(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ac}+\frac{ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}-22\right)\ge-\frac{4}{3}\)
Nhưng trước hết làm cho nó đẹp lại cái đã:v Bài toán gì đâu mà cho toàn phân thức xấu xí, lần sau bảo người ra đề chọn hệ số đẹp hơn nha zZz Cool Kid zZz :DD
\(P=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\left(\frac{\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{4abc}-\frac{3}{4}\right)+\frac{3}{4}-\frac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(=\frac{47}{60}+\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}-\frac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{4abc}\)
\(=\frac{47}{60}+\frac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}-\frac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{\frac{4}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(=\frac{47}{60}+\frac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}-\frac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\frac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(=\frac{47}{60}+\frac{1\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\frac{131\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{60\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)
Đặt \(x=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}\Rightarrow x\ge1\). Ta cần tìm min:
\(P=f\left(x\right)=\frac{47}{60}+\frac{1}{15}x-\frac{131}{60x}\)
\(=\frac{47}{60}+\frac{1}{15}x+\frac{1}{15x}-\frac{9}{4x}\)
\(\ge\frac{47}{60}+\frac{2}{15}-\frac{9}{4}=-\frac{4}{3}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
P/s: Tính dùng sos nhưng nghĩ lại ko nên lạm dụng nên dùng cách khác:))
Ta chứng minh \(P\ge-\dfrac{4}{3}\) hay
\(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}-\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}-\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{131}{60}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc}{4abc}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge0\)
\(\LeftrightarrowΣ_{cyc}\dfrac{-\left(a-b\right)^2}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+Σ_{cyc}\dfrac{\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\left(a-b\right)^2}{4abc}-Σ_{cyc}\dfrac{\dfrac{131}{2}\left(a-b\right)^2}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge0\)
\(\LeftrightarrowΣ_{cyc}\left(a-b\right)^2\left(\dfrac{\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}}{4abc}-\dfrac{\dfrac{131}{2}}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{1}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\right)\ge0\)
ta có A=\(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ac}+\frac{c}{ab}+\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{b^2}{2}+\frac{c^2}{2}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc}+\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{b^2}{2}+\frac{c^2}{2}\)
mà \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc}\ge\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{b^2}{2}+\frac{c^2}{2}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2a}+...\)
Áp dụng bđt co si ta có , \(\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2a}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
tương tự mấy cái kia rồi + vào thì A>=...
easy
\(VT\ge\frac{8}{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)^2c}+\frac{8}{\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2c}+\frac{8}{\left(c+a\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{4}\)
\(=\frac{8}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{8}{\left(b+c\right)^2\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{8}{\left(c+a\right)^2\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{4}\)
đến đây ghép rồi dùng cô si
bài này trong đề thi của tỉnh nào đó ở nước nào đó ở hành tinh nào đó năm 2016-2017
TA CÓ: \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
Do đó: \(\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{4abc}\)
\(=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{4}.\frac{9}{ab+bc+ca}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
\(=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{30}+\frac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\frac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\frac{3}{2}\)
\(=\frac{-22}{15}+\frac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{-22}{15}+2\sqrt{\left[\frac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\right]\left[\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\right]}=\frac{-22}{15}+\frac{2}{15}=\frac{-4}{3}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> a=b=c
Vậy GTNN của P là -4/3 khi a=b=c