Cho a,b,c một đôi khác nhau và a2+b=b2+c=c2+a
Tính (a+b-1)(b+c-1)(a+c-1)
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\(P=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{\left(c-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{-b^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(a-c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2b-a^2c-ab^2+b^2c+c^2a-bc^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{ab\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a^2-b^2\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(ab-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left[a\left(b-c\right)-c\left(b-c\right)\right]}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)
\(=1\)
Câu hỏi của Hattory Heiji - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\Leftrightarrow bc=-ab-ac\)
\(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+bc-ac-ab}=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
CMTT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2ca}=\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\\\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}=\dfrac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}=\dfrac{c^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}=\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(a-c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}=1\)
Vì sao bước thứ 2 từ dưới lên lại có thể suy ra (a−b)(b−c)(a−c)/(a−b)(b−c)(a−c)=1?
a) Áp dụng Cauchy Schwars ta có:
\(M=\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}+\frac{c^2}{c+1}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1
b) \(N=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{b+1}+\frac{9}{c+2}\ge\frac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{36}{6}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: x=y=1
Lời giải:
Ta thấy:
$(ab+cd)(ac+bd)=ad(c^2+b^2)+bc(a^2+d^2)$
$=(ad+bc)t$
Mà:
$2(t-ab-cd)=(a-b)^2+(c-d)^2>0$ nên $t> ab+cd$
Tương tự: $t> ac+bd$
Kết hợp $(ab+cd)(ac+bd)=(ad+bc)t$ nên:
$ab+cd> ad+bc, ac+bd> ad+bc$
Nếu $ab+cd, ac+bd$ đều thuộc $P$. Do $ad+bc$ là ước của $ab+cd$ hoặc $ac+bd$. Điều này vô lý
Do đó ta có đpcm.
\(a,\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}\left(1\right)\)
Mà \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow ab=c^2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c^2}{b^2}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\tođpcm\)
\(b,\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow ab=c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2-a^2}{a^2+c^2}=\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)}{a^2+ab}=\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)}{a\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{b-a}{a}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Lời giải:
$a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a^2-2ab+b^2)+(b^2-2bc+c^2)+(c^2-2ac+a^2)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0$
Vì $(a-b)^2; (b-c)^2; (c-a)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $a,b,c$ nên để tổng của chúng bằng $0$ thì:
$a-b=b-c=c-a=0$
$\Rightarrow a=b=c$
$\Rightarrow \frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}=1$
Khi đó:
$(\frac{a}{b}+1)(\frac{b}{c}+1)(\frac{c}{a}+1)=(1+1)(1+1)(1+1)=8$
Ta có đpcm.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+2b+c}\ge\dfrac{4}{\dfrac{a^2+1}{2}+b^2+1+\dfrac{c^2+1}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{b^2+7}\)
Tương tự
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\ge\dfrac{8}{a^2+7}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\ge\dfrac{8}{c^2+7}\)
Cộng vế:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{a^2+7}+\dfrac{8}{b^2+7}+\dfrac{8}{c^2+7}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\ge\dfrac{4}{a^2+7}+\dfrac{4}{b^2+7}+\dfrac{4}{c^2+7}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có: \(a^2+b=b^2+c\Rightarrow a^2-b^2=c-b\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)-\left(a-b\right)=c-a\Rightarrow\left(a+b-1\right)\left(a-b\right)=c-a\)(1)\(b^2+c=c^2+a\Rightarrow b^2-c^2=a-c\Rightarrow\left(b+c\right)\left(b-c\right)-\left(b-c\right)=a-b\Rightarrow\left(b+c-1\right)\left(b-c\right)=a-b\)(2)\(c^2+a=a^2+b\Rightarrow c^2-a^2=b-a\Rightarrow\left(c+a\right)\left(c-a\right)-\left(c-a\right)=b-c\Rightarrow\left(c+a-1\right)\left(c-a\right)=b-c\)(3)
Nhân ba vế của ba đẳng thức (1), (2), (3), ta được:\(\left(a+b-1\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(b+c-1\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c+a-1\right)\left(c-a\right)=\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\Rightarrow\left(a+b-1\right)\left(b+c-1\right)\left(c+a-1\right)=1\)(Do a, b, c đôi mội khác nhau nên \(a-b,b-c,c-a\ne0\) )
Ta có :
a2 + b = b2 + c <=> a2 - b2 = c - b <=> ( a + b ) ( a - b ) = c - b
<=> \(a+b=\frac{c-b}{a-b}\)<=> \(a+b-1=\frac{c-a}{a-b}\)
b2 + c = c2 + a <=> b2 - c2 = a - c <=> ( b + c ) ( b - c ) = a - c
<=> \(b+c=\frac{a-c}{b-c}\)<=> \(b+c-1=\frac{a-b}{b-c}\)
a2 + b = c2 + a <=> a2 - c2 = a - b <=> ( a + c ) ( a - c ) = a - b
<=> \(a+c=\frac{a-b}{a-c}\)<=> \(a+c-1=\frac{c-b}{a-c}\)
Suy ra :
( a + b - 1 ) ( a + c - 1 ) ( a + c - 1 ) = \(\frac{c-a}{a-b}.\frac{a-b}{b-c}.\frac{c-b}{a-c}=-\frac{a-c}{a-b}.\frac{a-b}{b-c}.\left(-\frac{b-c}{a-c}\right)=1\)