Cho 200 g dụng dịch Na2SO4 10% phản ứng với 200dung dịch BaCl2 5%
a) tính khối lượng kết tủa
b) tính C% các chất tan trong dung dịch sau phản ứng
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\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{150.16,64\%}{137+35.2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.14,7\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Phương trình hóa học :
BaCl2 + H2SO4 -----> BaSO4 + 2HCl
Dễ thấy \(\dfrac{n_{BaCl_2}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4\text{ dư }0,15-0,12=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
c) Khối lượng kết tủa :
\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,12.233=27,96\) (g)
Khối lượng chất tan : \(m_{HCl}=0,24.36,5=8,76\left(g\right)\) ;
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(\text{dư}\right)}=0,03.98=2,94\left(g\right)\)
c) \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}\)= \(\dfrac{2,94}{150+100}.100\%=1,176\%\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{8,76}{150+100}.100\%=3.504\%\)
d) NaOH + HCl ---> NaCl + H2O
0,24 <-- 0,24
mol mol
2NaOH + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,06 mol <-- 0,03 mol
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,24+0,06=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{NaOH}=0,3.2=0,6\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{200.10,4\%}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\\ b,Qu\text{ỳ}-t\text{í}m-ho\text{á}-\text{đ}\text{ỏ}-do-c\text{ó}-\text{ax}it-HCl\\ c,n_{BaSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{k\text{ết}-t\text{ủa}}=m_{BaSO_4}=233.0,1=23,3\left(g\right)\\ d,m_{\text{dd}H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.98}{4,9\%}=200\left(g\right)\\ e,m_{\text{dd}HCl}=200+200-23,3=376,7\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,1.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{\text{dd}HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{376,7}.100\approx1,938\%\)
\(a)n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8.20}{100.98}=0,12mol\\ n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{200.5,2}{100.208}=0,05mol\\ BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,12}{1}>\dfrac{0,05}{2}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4.dư\\ BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\)
0,05 0,05 0,05 0,1
\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,05.233=11,65g\\ b)m_{dd}=58,8+200-11,65=247,15g\\ C_{\%HCl}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{247,15}\cdot100=1,48\%\\ C_{\%H_2SO_4,dư}=\dfrac{\left(0,12-0,05\right).98}{247,15}\cdot100=2,78\%\)
Bài 19 :
\(a) n_{Al} = \dfrac{10,8}{27} = 0,4(mol)\\ 2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,6(mol)\\ V_{H_2} = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44(lít)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : }Al_2(SO_4)_3\\ n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al} = 0,2(mol)\\ m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,2.342 = 68,4(gam)\)
Bài 18 :
\(a) n_{HCl} = \dfrac{250.7,3\%}{36,5 } = 0,5(mol)\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,25(mol) \Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,25.22,4 = 5,6(lít)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : } ZnCl_2\\ n_{ZnCl_2} = n_{H_2} = 0,25(mol)\\ m_{ZnCl_2} = 0,25.136 = 34(gam)\)
Na2SO4 + BaCl2 →2NaCl + BaSO4
nNa2SO4=0,05.0,1=0,005(mol)
nBaCl2=0,1.0,1=0,01(mol)
Vì 0,005<0,01 nên BaCl2 dư 0,005(mol)
Theo PTHH ta có;
nNa2SO4=nBaSO4=0,005(mol)
2nNa2SO4=nNaCl=0,01(mol)
mBaSO4=0,005.233=1,165(g)
CM dd BaCl2=\(\dfrac{0,005}{0,15}=\dfrac{1}{30}\)M
CM dd NaCl=\(\dfrac{0,01}{0,15}=115\)M
PTHH: \(Na_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+BaSO_4\downarrow\)
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2SO_4}=\frac{200\cdot10\%}{142}=\frac{10}{71}\left(mol\right)\\n_{BaCl_2}=\frac{200\cdot5\%}{208}=\frac{5}{104}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\) BaCl2 phản ứng hết, Na2SO4 còn dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{BaSO_4}=\frac{5}{104}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=\frac{5}{104}\cdot233\approx11,2\left(g\right)\)
b)Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=2n_{BaCl_2}=\frac{5}{52}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\frac{685}{7384}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=\frac{5}{52}\cdot58,5=5,625\left(g\right)\\m_{Na_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\frac{685}{7384}\cdot142\approx13,17\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddNa_2SO_4}+m_{ddBaCl_2}-m_{BaSO_4}=388,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\frac{5,625}{388,8}\cdot100\approx1,45\%\\C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\frac{13,17}{388,8}\cdot100\approx3,39\%\end{matrix}\right.\)