Tìm số nguyên n để 2n^2+2n-1 chia hết cho 2n +1
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Bài 1:
$A=(n-1)(2n-3)-2n(n-3)-4n$
$=2n^2-5n+3-(2n^2-6n)-4n$
$=-3n+3=3(1-n)$ chia hết cho $3$ với mọi số nguyên $n$
Ta có đpcm.
Bài 2:
$B=(n+2)(2n-3)+n(2n-3)+n(n+10)$
$=(2n-3)(n+2+n)+n(n+10)$
$=(2n-3)(2n+2)+n(n+10)=4n^2-2n-6+n^2+10n$
$=5n^2+8n-6=5n(n+3)-7(n+3)+15$
$=(n+3)(5n-7)+15$
Để $B\vdots n+3$ thì $(n+3)(5n-7)+15\vdots n+3$
$\Leftrightarrow 15\vdots n+3$
$\Leftrightarrow n+3\in\left\{\pm 1;\pm 3;\pm 5;\pm 15\right\}$
$\Rightarrow n\in\left\{-2;-4;0;-6;-8; 2;12;-18\right\}$
a, Ta có : \(\text{n + 5 = (n - 1)+6}\)
Vì \(\text{(n-1) ⋮ n-1}\)
Nên để \(\text{n+5 ⋮ n-1}\)⋮ `n-1`
Thì \(\text{6 ⋮ n-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{n - 1 ∈ Ư(6)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{n - 1 ∈}\) \(\left\{\text{±1;±2;±3;±6}\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{n ∈}\) \(\left\{\text{0;-1;-2;-5;2;3;4;7}\right\}\) \(\text{( TM )}\)
\(\text{________________________________________________________}\)
b, Ta có : \(\text{2n-4 = (2n+4)- 8 = 2(n+2) - 8}\)
Vì \(\text{2(n+2) ⋮ n+2}\)
Nên để \(\text{2n-4 ⋮ n+2}\)
Thì \(\text{8 ⋮ n+2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{n + 2 ∈ Ư(8)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{n + 2 ∈}\) \(\left\{\text{±1;±2;±4;±8}\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{n ∈}\) \(\left\{\text{-3;-4;-6;-10;-1;0;2;6}\right\}\) ( TM )
\(\text{_________________________________________________________________ }\)
c, Ta có :\(\text{ 6n + 4 = (6n + 3) +1 = 3(2n+1) + 1}\)
Vì \(\text{3(2n+1) ⋮ 2n+1}\)
Nên để\(\text{ 6n+4 ⋮ 2n+1}\)
Thì \(\text{1 ⋮ 2n+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{2n + 1 ∈ Ư(1)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{2n + 1 ∈}\) \(\left\{\text{±1}\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{2n ∈}\) \(\left\{\text{-2;0}\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{n ∈}\) \(\left\{\text{-1;0}\right\}\) ( TM )
\(\text{_______________________________________}\)
Ta có : \(\text{3 - 2n = -( 2n - 3 ) = -( 2n + 2 ) + 5 = -2( n+1)+5}\)
Vì \(\text{-2(n+1) ⋮ n+1}\)
Nên để \(\text{3-2n ⋮ n+1}\)
Thì\(\text{ 5 ⋮ n + 1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{n + 1 ∈}\) \(\left\{\text{±1;±5}\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\text{n ∈}\) \(\text{-2;-6;0;4}\) ( TM )
2n^2+2n-1 =n(2n+1) + n-1 chia hết chi 2n+1 nếu và chỉ nếu n-1 chia hết cho 2n+1
suy ra n=1
hoặc n=-1, -2