Tìm x,y,z thỏa mãn:
\(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\left(a,b,c\ne0\right)\)
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ta có: \(\frac{x^2-yz}{a}=\frac{y^2-xz}{b}=\frac{z^2-xy}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{x^2-yz}=\frac{b}{y^2-xz}=\frac{c}{z^2-xy}\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{\left(x^2-yz\right)^2}=\frac{b^2}{\left(y^2-xz\right)^2}=\frac{c^2}{\left(z^2-xy\right)^2}\) (1)
=> \(\frac{a}{\left(x^2-yz\right)}.\frac{a}{\left(x^2-yz\right)}=\frac{b}{y^2-xz}.\frac{c}{z^2-xy}=\frac{a^2}{\left(x^2-yz\right)^2}=\frac{bc}{\left(y^2-xz\right).\left(z^2-xy\right)}\)
a^2/(x^2-yz)^2 = (a^2-bc)/[(x^2-yz)^2 - (y^2-xz)(z^2-xy)] = (a^2-bc)/[x (x^3 + y^3 + z^3 - 3xyz)] =>
(a^2-bc)/x = [a^2/(x^2 - yz)^2] * (x^3 + y^3 + z^3 - 3xyz) (2)
Thực hiện tương tự ta cũng có
(b^2-ac)/y = [b^2/(y^2 - xz)^2] * (x^3 + y^3 + z^3 - 3xyz) (3)
(c^2-ab)/z = [c^2/(z^2 - xy)^2] * (x^3 + y^3 + z^3 - 3xyz) (4)
Từ (1),(2),(3),(4) => (a^2-bc)/x = (b^2-ac)/y = (c^2-ab)/z.
Đặt : x/a = m ; y/b = n ; z/c = p
=> m+n+p = 1 ; 1/m+1/n+1/p=0
1/m+1/n+1/p=0
<=> mn+np+pm/mnp=0
<=> mn+np+pm=0
<=> 2mn+2np+2pm=0
Xét : 1 = (m+n+p)^2 = m^2+n^2+p^2+2mn+2np+2pm = m^2+n^2+p^2
=> x^2/a^2+y^2/b^2+z^2/c^2 = 1
=> ĐPCM
Tk mk nha
Ta có:\(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=\frac{x+y+z}{a+b+c}\)
Ta có:\(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=\frac{xa^2}{a^3}=\frac{yb^2}{b^3}=\frac{zc^2}{c^3}=\frac{a^2x+b^2y+c^2z}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\)
Ta có\(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}=\frac{y^2}{b^2}=\frac{z^2}{c^2}=\frac{x^3}{a^2x}=\frac{y^3}{b^2y}=\frac{z^3}{c^2z}=\frac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{a^2x+b^2y+c^2z}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(a^2x+b^2y+c^2z\right)^2}=\frac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{a^2x+b^2y+c^2z}\cdot\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{a^2x+b^2y+c^2z}\cdot\frac{a+b+c}{x+y+z}\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{a^2}\cdot\frac{a}{x}\cdot\frac{a}{x}\)=1
\(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\) C/M thế này cho ít số dễ nhìn
Quy đồng ta được
\(a^2y\left(x+y\right)+b^2x\left(x+y\right)=xy\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)\)
\(a^2yx+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2xy=a^2xy+2abxy+b^2xy\)
rút gọn
\(a^2y^2+b^2x^2=2abxy\)
\(a^2y^2+b^2x^2-2abxy=0\) hằng đẳng thức số 2
\(\left(ay+bx\right)^2=0\)
\(ay+bx=0\Leftrightarrow ax=-bx\)
vậy \(-bx+bx=0\) đúng
\(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
Đặt \(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=k\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=ak\\y=bk\\z=ck\end{cases}}\)
Ta có \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}=\frac{a^2}{ak}+\frac{b^2}{bk}+\frac{c^2}{ck}=\frac{a}{k}+\frac{b}{k}+\frac{c}{k}=\frac{a+b+c}{k}\)(1)
\(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ak+bk+ck}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)k}=\frac{a+b+c}{k}\)(2)
Từ (1); (2) => \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số = nhau ta đc
\(+)\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=\frac{x+y+z}{a+b+c}=x+y+z\)(do a+b+c=1)
=> \(x+y+z=\frac{x}{a}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=\frac{x^2}{a^2}\left(1\right)\)
+) \(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=>\frac{x^2}{a^2}=\frac{y^2}{b^2}=\frac{z^2}{c^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=x^2+y^2+z^2\)(do a^2 +b^2 +c^2 =1)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=\frac{x^2}{a^2}\left(2\right)\)
từ (1) zà (2)
=>\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2\left(dpcm\right)\)
Có \(a+b+c=a^2+b^2+c^2=1\) và \(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}\left(a;b;c\ne0\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=\left(\frac{x}{a}\right)^2=\left(\frac{y}{b}\right)^2=\left(\frac{z}{c}\right)^2=\frac{x^2}{a^2}=\frac{y^2}{b^2}=\frac{z^2}{c^2}\left(2\right)\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có :
\(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=\frac{x+y+z}{a+b+c}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\). Theo \(\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=\frac{x^2}{a^2}=\frac{y^2}{b^2}=\frac{z^2}{c^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\). Theo \(\left(2\right)\)
Có \(a+b+c=a^2+b^2+c^2=1\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=1^2=1\).
Từ các đẳng thức trên, ta suy ra : \(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=\frac{x+y+z}{a+b+c}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(=\frac{x+y+z}{1}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{1}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{1}\Leftrightarrow1\left(x+y+z\right)^2=1\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2\Leftrightarrowđpcm\)
Bài 2: Ta có: x, y, z không âm và \(x+y+z=\frac{3}{2}\)nên \(0\le x\le\frac{3}{2}\Rightarrow2-x>0\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM dạng \(ab\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\), ta được: \(x+2xy+4xyz=x+4xy\left(z+\frac{1}{2}\right)\le x+4x.\frac{\left(y+z+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2}{4}=x+x\left(2-x\right)^2\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(x+x\left(2-x\right)^2\le2\Leftrightarrow\left(2-x\right)\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\left(x,y,z\right)=\left(1,\frac{1}{2},0\right)\)
Bài 3: Áp dụng đánh giá quen thuộc \(4ab\le\left(a+b\right)^2\), ta có: \(2\le\left(x+y\right)^3+4xy\le\left(x+y\right)^3+\left(x+y\right)^2\)
Đặt x + y = t thì ta được: \(t^3+t^2-2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(t-1\right)\left(t^2+2t+2\right)\ge0\Rightarrow t\ge1\)(dễ thấy \(t^2+2t+2>0\forall t\))
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
\(P=3\left(x^4+y^4+x^2y^2\right)-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+1=3\left[\frac{3}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2\right]-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+1\ge\frac{9}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+1\)\(=\frac{9}{4}\left[\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\right]-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{7}{16}\ge\frac{9}{4}.2\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2.\frac{1}{4}}-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{7}{16}=\frac{9}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)-2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{7}{16}=\frac{1}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{7}{16}\ge\frac{1}{8}+\frac{7}{16}=\frac{9}{16}\)Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = 1/2
Ta có:
\(\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x^2}{a^2}-\frac{x^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\right)+\left(\frac{y^2}{b^2}-\frac{y^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\right)+\left(\frac{z^2}{c^2}-\frac{z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2.\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+y^2.\frac{a^2+c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+z^2.\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=0\)
Vì a, b, c khác 0 nên dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=0\)
\(\Rightarrow M=x^{2016}+y^{2016}+z^{2016}=0^{2016}+0^{2016}+0^{2016}=0\)