Cho tam giác ABC vuông tại A, góc C = \(\alpha< 45^o\) . Chứng minh rằng:
\(tan2\alpha=\frac{2.tan\alpha}{1-tan^2\alpha}\)
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a)
Trên nửa đường tròn đơn vị, lấy điểm M sao cho \(\widehat {xOM} = \alpha \)
Gọi H, K lần lượt là các hình chiếu vuông góc của M trên Ox, Oy.
Ta có: tam giác vuông OHM vuông tại H và \(\alpha = \widehat {xOM}\)
Do đó: \(\sin \alpha = \frac{{MH}}{{OM}} = MH;\;\cos \alpha = \frac{{OH}}{{OM}} = OH.\)
\( \Rightarrow {\cos ^2}\alpha + {\sin ^2}\alpha = O{H^2} + M{H^2} = O{M^2} = 1\)
b) Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\;\tan \alpha = \frac{{\sin \alpha }}{{\cos \alpha }};\;\cot \alpha = \frac{{\cos \alpha }}{{\sin \alpha }}.\\ \Rightarrow \;\tan \alpha .\cot \alpha = \frac{{\sin \alpha }}{{\cos \alpha }}.\frac{{\cos \alpha }}{{\sin \alpha }} = 1\end{array}\)
c) Với \(\alpha \ne {90^o}\) ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\;\tan \alpha = \frac{{\sin \alpha }}{{\cos \alpha }};\;\\ \Rightarrow \;1 + {\tan ^2}\alpha = 1 + \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha + {{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{1}{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}\;\end{array}\)
d) Ta có:
\(\begin{array}{l}\cot \alpha = \frac{{\cos \alpha }}{{\sin \alpha }};\;\\ \Rightarrow \;1 + {\cot ^2}\alpha = 1 + \frac{{{{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha + {{\cos }^2}\alpha }}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = \frac{1}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}\;\end{array}\)
a) \(tan3\alpha-tan2\alpha-tan\alpha=\left(tan3\alpha-tan\alpha\right)-tan2\alpha\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{sin3\alpha}{cos3\alpha}-\dfrac{sin\alpha}{cos\alpha}\right)-\dfrac{sin2\alpha}{cos2\alpha}\)\(=\dfrac{sin3\alpha cos\alpha-cos3\alpha sin\alpha}{cos3\alpha cos\alpha}-\dfrac{sin2\alpha}{cos2\alpha}\)
\(=\dfrac{sin2\alpha}{cos3\alpha cos\alpha}-\dfrac{sin2\alpha}{cos2\alpha}\)
\(=sin2\alpha.\left(\dfrac{1}{cos3\alpha cos\alpha}-\dfrac{1}{cos2\alpha}\right)\)
\(=sin2\alpha.\dfrac{cos2\alpha-cos3\alpha cos\alpha}{cos3\alpha cos\alpha cos2\alpha}\)
\(=sin2\alpha.\dfrac{cos2\alpha-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(cos4\alpha+cos2\alpha\right)}{cos3\alpha cos2\alpha cos\alpha}\)
\(=sin2\alpha.\dfrac{cos2\alpha-cos4\alpha}{2cos3\alpha cos2\alpha cos\alpha}\)
\(=\dfrac{sin2\alpha.2sin3\alpha.sin\alpha}{2cos3\alpha cos2\alpha cos\alpha}\)
\(=tan3\alpha tan2\alpha tan\alpha\) (Đpcm).
b) \(\dfrac{4tan\alpha\left(1-tan^2\alpha\right)}{\left(1+tan^2\right)^2}=4tan\alpha\left(1-tan^2\alpha\right):\left(\dfrac{1}{cos^2\alpha}\right)^2\)
\(=4tan\alpha\left(1-tan^2\alpha\right)cos^4\alpha\)
\(=4\dfrac{sin\alpha}{cos\alpha}\left(1-\dfrac{sin^2\alpha}{cos^2\alpha}\right)cos^4\alpha\)
\(=4sin\alpha\left(cos^2\alpha-sin^2\alpha\right)cos\alpha\)
\(=4sin\alpha cos\alpha.cos2\alpha\)
\(=2.sin2\alpha.cos2\alpha=sin4\alpha\) (Đpcm).
Kẻ phân giác BD \(\Rightarrow\frac{AD}{CD}=\frac{AB}{BC}\Rightarrow\frac{AD}{AD+CD}=\frac{AB}{AB+BC}\Rightarrow\frac{AD}{AC}=\frac{AB}{AB+BC}\Rightarrow AD=\frac{bc}{a+c}\)
\(tan\frac{\alpha}{2}=\frac{AD}{AB}=\frac{\frac{bc}{a+c}}{c}=\frac{b}{a+c}\left(đpcm\right)\)
2/ \(\frac{sin^3a-cos^3a}{sin^3a+cos^3a}=\frac{tan^3a-1}{tan^3a+1}=\frac{3^3-1}{3^3+1}=\frac{13}{14}\) (chia tử mẫu cho cos3a)