Giúp với ạ
Cho ba số thực dương a,b,c thoả mãn điều kiện 1/a+1/b+1/c=3. Tìm giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức
1/√a^2−ab+b^2 + 1/√b^2−bc+c^2 + 1/√c^2−ca+a^2.
dấu căn là gạch cả mẫu
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
ab+bc+ca=3abc <=> ab+bc+ca-3abc=0 <=> ab-abc+bc-abc+ca-abc=0 <=> ab(1-c)+bc(1-a)+ca(1-b)=0
Vì a,b,c dương => \(\hept{\begin{cases}1-c=0< =>c=1\\1-a=0< =>a=1\\1-b=0< =>b=1\end{cases}}\)
Thay a,b,c vừa tìm được vào biểu thức P <=> P=3/2
áp dụng BDT cô si ta có
\(a^2+1>=2a\)
\(b^2+1>=2b\)
\(c^2+1>=2c\)
do đó P<=\(\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{2c}\)
=\(\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3abc}{abc}=1,5\)
dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c=1
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(P=\frac{2a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}\)
\(=\frac{2a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{2a}{a+b}\cdot\frac{2a}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{2b}{a+b}\cdot\frac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{2c}{a+c}\cdot\frac{c}{2\left(b+c\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{2a}{a+b}+\frac{2b}{a+b}+\frac{2a}{a+c}+\frac{2c}{a+c}+\frac{b}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(2+2+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\frac{9}{4}\)
\(abc\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge\left(3-2a\right)\left(3-2b\right)\left(3-2c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9abc\ge12\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-27\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{9}{a\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{3+abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(c+ab=\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab=ac+cb+c^2+ab=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
Tương tự : \(a+bc=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right);c+ab=\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\)
\(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\)
áp dụng bất đẳng tức cauchy :
\(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)\)
cộng vế theo vế
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{c+b}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+c}{a+c}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+b}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\cdot3=\frac{3}{2}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1/3
Có a+b+c=1 => c=(a+b+c).c=ac+bc+c2
\(\Rightarrow c+ab=ac+bc+c^2+ab=a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{ab}{c+ab}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{a}{c+b}+\frac{b}{c+b}}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}a+bc=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\\b+ac=\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{bc}{a+bc}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\frac{ca}{b+ca}}=\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}\le\frac{\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{b+a}}{2}\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{c+b}}{2}\)\(=\frac{\frac{a+c}{a+c}+\frac{c+b}{c+b}+\frac{a+b}{a+b}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(a^2+b^2-ab\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(x = {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac} \over 2a}\)
Đặt \(S=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}}\)
Ta dễ có
\(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)\)
Sử dụng phép tương tự khi đó:
\(S\le\frac{2}{a+b}+\frac{2}{b+c}+\frac{2}{c+a}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(=3\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra tại a=b=c=1