Xét tính liên tục của hàm số sau:
\(f(x) = \begin{cases} \dfrac{\sqrt{3x+10}-x-4}{x+2}, khi \ x \in [-\dfrac{10}{3};+\infty) \\ -\dfrac{1}{4}, \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ khi \ x=-2\end{cases}\) tại điểm x = -2
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\(\lim\limits_{x->2^-}=\dfrac{2^2-6\cdot2+8}{\sqrt{3\cdot2+2}-2}=0\)
\(\lim\limits_{x->2^+}=\dfrac{2+8}{2-1}=10< >0\)
=>f(x) không liên tục tại x=2
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{2-\sqrt{2x^2-4}}{2-x}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{4-2x^2+4}{2+\sqrt{2x^2-4}}\cdot\dfrac{1}{2-x}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{-2\left(x^2-4\right)}{-\left(x-2\right)\left(2+\sqrt{2x^2-4}\right)}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{2\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(2+\sqrt{2x^2-4}\right)}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{2\left(x+2\right)}{2+\sqrt{2x^2-4}}=\dfrac{2\left(2+2\right)}{2+\sqrt{2\cdot2^2-4}}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\cdot4}{2+2}=\dfrac{8}{4}=2\)
\(f\left(2\right)=1\)
=>\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}f\left(x\right)< >f\left(2\right)\)
=>Hàm số bị gián đoạn tại x=2
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-3}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-3}\dfrac{x^2+3x}{x+3}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-3}\dfrac{x\left(x+3\right)}{x+3}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-3}x=-3\)
\(f\left(-3\right)=-6-\left(-3\right)=-6+3=-3\)
Vậy: \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-3}f\left(x\right)=f\left(-3\right)\)
=>Hàm số liên tục tại x=-3
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{2x^2-x-10}{x+2}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}\dfrac{2x^2+4x-5x-10}{x+2}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)\left(2x-5\right)}{x+2}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}2x-5=2\cdot\left(-2\right)-5=-9\)
\(f\left(-2\right)=a-2\)
hàm số liên tục tại x=-2 khi a-2=-9
=>a=-7
Hàm số không liên tục tại x=-2 thì \(a-2\ne-9\)
=>\(a\ne-7\)
1.
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sqrt{x+2}-\sqrt{2-x}}{x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{2x}{x\left(\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{2-x}\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{2-x}}=\dfrac{2}{2\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
Vậy cần bổ sung \(f\left(0\right)=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\) để hàm liên tục tại \(x=0\)
2.
a. \(f\left(0\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^-}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^-}\left(x+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^+}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^+}\dfrac{\sqrt{x+1}-1}{\sqrt[3]{1+x}-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^+}\dfrac{x\left(\sqrt[3]{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\sqrt[3]{x+1}+1\right)}{x\left(\sqrt[]{x+1}+1\right)}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^+}\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\sqrt[3]{x+1}+1}{\sqrt[]{x+1}+1}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(0\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^+}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^-}f\left(x\right)\) nên hàm liên tục tại \(x=0\)
2b.
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^-}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^-}\dfrac{x^3-x^2+2x-2}{x-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^-}\dfrac{x^2\left(x-1\right)+2\left(x-1\right)}{x-1}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^-}\dfrac{\left(x^2+2\right)\left(x-1\right)}{x-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^-}\left(x^2+2\right)=3\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}f\left(x\right)=f\left(1\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}\left(3x+a\right)=a+3\)
- Nếu \(a=0\Rightarrow f\left(1\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^-}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}f\left(x\right)\) hàm liên tục tại \(x=1\)
- Nếu \(a\ne0\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^-}f\left(x\right)\ne\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1^+}f\left(x\right)\Rightarrow\) hàm không liên tục tại \(x=1\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2^+}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2^+}\sqrt{2x-4}+3\)
\(=\sqrt{2\cdot2-4}+3=3\)
\(f\left(2\right)=\sqrt{2\cdot2-4}+3=0+3=3\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2^-}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2^-}\dfrac{x+2}{x^2-2mx+m^2+2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2+2}{2^2-2m\cdot2+m^2+2}=\dfrac{4}{m^2-4m+6}\)
Để hàm số f(x) liên tục trên R thì f(x) liên tục tại x=2
=>\(\dfrac{4}{m^2-4m+6}=3\)
=>\(4=3\left(m^2-4m+6\right)\)
=>\(3m^2-12m+18-4=0\)
=>\(3m^2-12m+14=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3m^2-12m+12+2=0\)
=>\(3\left(m-2\right)^2+2=0\)(vô lý)
=>\(m\in\varnothing\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow5}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow5}\dfrac{\sqrt{2x-9}-1}{5-x}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow5}\dfrac{2x-9-1}{\sqrt{2x-9}+1}\cdot\dfrac{1}{5-x}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow5}\dfrac{2\left(x-5\right)}{-\left(x-5\right)\left(\sqrt{2x-9}+1\right)}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow5}\dfrac{-2}{\sqrt{2x-9+1}}=\dfrac{-2}{\sqrt{10-9}+1}=-\dfrac{2}{2}=-1\)
f(5)=3
=>\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow5}f\left(x\right)< >f\left(5\right)\)
=>Hàm số bị gián đoạn tại x=5
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow6}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow6}\dfrac{3x^2-23x+30}{x-6}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow6}\dfrac{3x^2-18x-5x+30}{x-6}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow6}\dfrac{\left(x-6\right)\left(3x-5\right)}{x-6}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow6}3x-5=3\cdot6-5=13\)
f(6)=a
Hàm số liên tục tại x=6 khi a=13
Hàm số không liên tục tại x=6 khi \(a\ne13\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{2x^2-5x+3}{x-1}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-3\right)}{x-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}2x-3=2\cdot1-3=-1\)
f(1)=4
=>\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}f\left(x\right)< >f\left(1\right)\)
=>Hàm số bị gián đoạn tại x=1
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}\frac{\sqrt{3x+10}-2-\left(x+2\right)}{x+2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}\frac{\frac{3\left(x+2\right)}{\sqrt{3x+10}+2}-\left(x+2\right)}{x+2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt{3x+10}+2}-1\right)=-\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-2}f\left(x\right)=f\left(-2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)\) liên tục tại \(x=-2\)