1) So sánh: A= \(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+......+\frac{1}{3^{2011}}+\frac{1}{3^{2012}}\) và \(\frac{1}{2}\)
2) Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức: M= I x - 2012 I + I x - 2013 I
Chú ý: I...I là giá trị tuyệt đối
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a)
\(2^x\left(1+2+2^2+2^3\right)=480\)
\(2^x.15=480\Rightarrow2^x=\frac{480}{15}=32=2^5\Rightarrow x=5\)
\(A=\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}+\sqrt{x^2+4x+4}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)^2}\)
\(=|1-x|+|x+2|\ge|1-x+x+2|=3\)
\(x\sqrt{x+\frac{1}{2}+\sqrt{x+\frac{1}{4}}}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x+\frac{1}{4}}+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\sqrt{x+\frac{1}{4}}+\frac{1}{2}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\sqrt{x+\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Làm nốt
\(2^x+2^{x+1}+2^{x+2}+2^{x+3}=480\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x\cdot1+2^x\cdot2^1+2^x\cdot2^2+2^x\cdot2^3=480\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x\left(1+2^1+2^2+2^3\right)=480\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x\cdot15=480\)
\(\Rightarrow2^x=32\Rightarrow2^x=2^5\Rightarrow x=5\)
b) \(\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2012}+\frac{1}{2013}\right)x=\frac{2012}{1}+\frac{2011}{2}+...+\frac{2}{2011}+\frac{1}{2012}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2012}+\frac{1}{2013}\right)x=\left(\frac{2011}{2}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{2}{2011}+1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2012}+1\right)+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2012}+\frac{1}{2013}\right)x=\frac{2013}{2}+...+\frac{2013}{2011}+\frac{2013}{2012}+\frac{2013}{2013}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2012}+\frac{1}{2013}\right)x=2013\left(\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2012}+\frac{1}{2013}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=2013.\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2012}+\frac{1}{2013}}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2012}+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=2013\)
Vậy \(x=2013\)
Xét mẫu số ta có: \(2012+\frac{2012}{2}+\frac{2011}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2013}\)
=\(2012+\left(\frac{2014-2}{2}+\frac{2014-3}{3}+...+\frac{2014-2013}{2013}\right)\)
= \(2012+\left(\frac{2014}{2}+\frac{2014}{3}+\frac{2014}{4}+...+\frac{2014}{2013}\right)-\left(\frac{2}{2}+\frac{3}{3}+\frac{4}{4}+...+\frac{2013}{2013}\right)\)
= \(2012+2014\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2013}\right)-2012\)
= \(2014\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2013}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{2014}\)