Cho 19,05g một hh bột Fe, Zn hoà tan vừa đủ trong 400ml dd A tạo ra dd B và V lít H2(đktc). Tính V, khối lượng hh muối trong dd B và khối lượng mỗi kim loại trong dd ban đầu
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a.
\(m_{Ag}=m_{k.tan}=8,7\left(g\right)\\ m_{Zn,Mg}=20-8,7=11,3\left(g\right)\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+24b=11,3\\a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ag}=\dfrac{8,7}{20}.100=43,5\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24.0,2}{20}.100=24\%\\\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{20}.100=32,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(tổng\right)}=a+b=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddH_2SO_4\left(tổng\right)}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6\left(lít\right)=600\left(ml\right)\)
\(\text{Đặt }n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+56y=13,9(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2(1)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2(2)\\ b,\text{Từ 2 PT: }1,5x+y=0,35(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7(g)\\ m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2(g)\)
\(c,n_{HCl(1)}=3n_{Al}=0,3(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=0,1(mol);n_{H_2(1)}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl(1)}}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{14,6\%}=75(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.133,5}{2,7+75-0,15.2}.100\%=17,25\%\)
\(n_{HCl(2)}=2n_{Fe}=0,4(mol);n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2(2)}=n_{Fe}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m{dd_{HCl(2)}}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{14,6\%}=100(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{11,2+100-0,2.2}.100\%=22,92\%\)
a) 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b) Gọi số mol Al, Fe lần lượt là a,b
=> 27a + 56b = 13,9
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a----->3a--------->a------->1,5a______(mol)
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b------>2b-------->b----->b__________(mol)
=> 1,5a + b = 0,35
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1=>m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\b=0,2=>m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) nHCl = 3a + 2b = 0,7 (mol)
=> mHCl = 0,7.36,5 = 25,55(g)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{25,55.100}{14,6}=175\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(saupu\right)}=13,9+175-2.0,35=188,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{13,35}{188,2}.100\%=7,1\%\\C\%\left(FeCl_2\right)=\dfrac{25,4}{188,2}.100\%=13,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,2\cdot4=0,8mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(x\) \(\rightarrow\) \(3x\) \(x\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(y\) \(\rightarrow\) \(2y\) \(y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+65y=11,9\\3x+2y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{11,9}\cdot100\%=45,38\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-45,38\%=54,62\%\)
b)\(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot0,2+0,1=0,4mol\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,4\cdot22.4=8,96l\)
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ a............3a.......a.........1,5a\left(mol\right)\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ b.........2b........b.........b\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=5,5\\1,5a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{5,5}.100\approx49,091\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,05.56}{5,5}.100\approx50,909\%\end{matrix}\right.\\ b.C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{3a+2b}{0,5}=\dfrac{3.0,1+2.0,05}{0,5}=0,8\left(M\right)\)
a)Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Al, Fe trong hỗn hợp ban đầu (x,y>0)
Sau phản ứng hỗn hợp muối khan gồm: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl_3:x\left(mol\right)\\FeCl_2:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=13,9\\133,5x+127y=38\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\approx0,0896\\y\approx0,205\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,0896\cdot27\cdot100\%}{13,9}\approx17,4\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,205\cdot56\cdot100\%}{13,9}\approx82,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo Bảo toàn nguyên tố Cl, H ta có:\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}=\dfrac{3n_{AlCl_3}+2n_{FeCl_2}}{2}\\ =\dfrac{3\cdot0,0896+2\cdot0,205}{2}=0,3394mol\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3394\cdot22,4\approx7,6l\)
Nếu số lít SO2 =12.32 thì số mol sẽ là 0.55 nên Kl Cu =35.2(g).Không phù hợp yêu cầu của đề bài.
a)\(n_{H2}=\frac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi n Mg =x , n Zn =y
\(Mg+2HCl-->MgCl2+H2\)
x----------------------------------------x(mol)
\(Zn+2HCl-->ZnCl2+H2\)
y-------------------------------------y(mol)
Theo bài ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+65y=3,9\\x+y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,063\\y=0,037\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\frac{24,0,063}{3,9}.100\%=38,77\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100-38,77=61,23\%\)
b)\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\)
Áp dụng ĐLBTKL
\(m_{muối}=m_{KL}+m_{HCl}-m_{H2}=3,9+7,3-0,2\)
=\(11\left(g\right)\)
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