Cho 3 số thực dương x,y,z thỏa \(x^2+y^2+z^2\le3\) Tìm GTLN của biểu thức \(H=\frac{y}{x^2+2y+3}+\frac{z}{y^2+2z+3}+\frac{x}{z^2+x+3}\)
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\(H=\sum\frac{y}{x^2+1+2y+2}\le\sum\frac{y}{2x+2y+2}=\frac{1}{2}\sum\frac{y}{x+y+1}\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(H\le\frac{1}{2}\) hay \(\frac{y}{x+y+1}+\frac{z}{y+z+1}+\frac{x}{z+x+1}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+1}{x+y+1}+\frac{y+1}{y+z+1}+\frac{z+1}{z+x+1}\ge2\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(VT=\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+y+1\right)}+\frac{\left(y+1\right)^2}{\left(y+1\right)\left(y+z+1\right)}+\frac{\left(z+1\right)^2}{\left(z+1\right)\left(z+x+1\right)}\)
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z+3\right)^2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)\left(y+z+1\right)+\left(z+1\right)\left(z+x+1\right)}\)
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z+3\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz+zx+3x+3y+3z+3}=\frac{\left(x+y+z+3\right)^2}{\frac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+xy+yz+zx+3x+3y+3z+3+\frac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}\)
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z+3\right)^2}{\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)^2+3\left(x+y+z\right)+3+\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{\left(x+y+z+3\right)^2}{\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)^2+3\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{9}{2}}\)
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z+3\right)^2}{\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z+3\right)^2}=2\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
ap dung bdt \(x^{m+n}+y^{m+n}\ge x^my^n+x^ny^m\) (bn tu cm )
\(\Rightarrow x^7+y^7=x^{3+4}+y^{3+4}\ge x^3y^4+x^4y^3\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2y^2}{x^2y^2+x^7+y^7}\le\frac{x^2y^2}{x^2y^2\left(1+xy^2+x^2y\right)}=\frac{1}{1+x^2y+y^2x}=\frac{1}{xyz+x^2y+y^2x}=\frac{1}{xy\left(x+y+z\right)}=\)
=\(\frac{z}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{z}{x+y+z}\)
ttu \(P\le\frac{x+y+z}{x+y+z}=1\) đầu = xảy ra khi x=y=z=1
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz , ta có : \(3.\left(x^4+y^4+z^4\right)\ge\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\), do đó : \(0\ge\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2-7\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+12\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge3\), áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz , ta lại có :
\(P=\frac{x^2}{y+2z}+\frac{y^2}{z+2x}+\frac{z^2}{x+2y}\)
\(=\frac{x^4}{x^2y+2zx^2}+\frac{y^4}{y^2z+2xy^2}+\frac{z^4}{z^2x+2yz^2}\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+2\left(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\right)}\)
Tiếp tục sử dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và kết hợp BĐT quen thuộc \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\), ta có :
\(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\le\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right).\left(x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2\right)}\)
\(\le\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right).\left(\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3}\right)}\)
\(=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right).\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{3}}\)
Tương tự , chứng minh đc :
\(2.\left(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\right)\le2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{3.\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{3}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{3}}\)
\(\ge1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x = y = z = 1 nên giá trị nhỏ nhất của P là 1
Ta có : 2P = \(\frac{\sqrt{4x^2-4xy+4y^2}}{x+y+2z}+\frac{\sqrt{4y^2-4yz+4z^2}}{y+z+2x}+\frac{\sqrt{4z^2-4zx+4x^2}}{z+x+2y}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(2x-y\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{3}y\right)^2}}{x+y+2z}+\frac{\sqrt{\left(2y-z\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{3}z\right)^2}}{y+z+2x}+\frac{\sqrt{\left(2z-x\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{3}x\right)^2}}{z+x+2y}\)
Lại có \(\frac{\sqrt{\left[\left(2x-y\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{3}y\right)^2\right]\left[\left(1^2+\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^2\right)\right]}}{x+y+2z}\ge\frac{\left[\left(2x-y\right).1+3y\right]}{x+y+2z}=\frac{2\left(x+y\right)}{x+y+2z}\)
=> \(\sqrt{\frac{\left(2x-y\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{3}y\right)^2}{x+y+2z}}\ge\frac{x+y}{x+y+2z}\)(BĐT Bunyakovsky)
Tương tự ta đươc \(2P\ge\frac{x+y}{x+y+2z}+\frac{y+z}{2x+y+z}+\frac{z+x}{2y+z+x}\)
Đặt x + y = a ; y + z = b ; x + z = c
Khi đó \(2P\ge\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)-3\)
\(\ge\left(a+b+c\right).\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}-3\ge\frac{9}{2}-3=\frac{3}{2}\)
=> \(P\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = z
bài 8 : bỏ dấu hoặc rồi tính
a;( 17 - 299) + ( 17 - 25 + 299)
Ta có \(\left(2x^2+y^2+3\right)\left(2+1+3\right)\ge\left(2x+y+3\right)^2\)
=> \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+y^2+3}}\le\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2x+y+3}\)
Mà \(\frac{1}{2x+y+3}=\frac{1}{x+x+y+1+1+1}\le\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+3\right)\)
=> \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+y^2+3}}\le\frac{\sqrt{6}}{36}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+3\right)\)
Khi đó
\(P\le\frac{\sqrt{6}}{36}\left(\frac{3}{x}+\frac{3}{y}+\frac{3}{z}+9\right)=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{36}.18=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi x=y=z=1
Vậy \(MaxP=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\)khi x=y=z=1
Lời giải:
\(\frac{1}{x^2}=1-\frac{1}{y^2}-\frac{1}{z^2}<1\Rightarrow x^2-1>0\)
\(P=\frac{y^2z^2}{x(y^2+z^2)}+\frac{x^2z^2}{y(x^2+z^2)}+\frac{x^2y^2}{z(x^2+y^2)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x(\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2})}+\frac{1}{y(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{z^2})}+\frac{1}{z(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2})}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x(1-\frac{1}{x^2})}+\frac{1}{y(1-\frac{1}{y^2})}+\frac{1}{z(1-\frac{1}{z^2})}\)
\(=\frac{x}{x^2-1}+\frac{y}{y^2-1}+\frac{z}{z^2-1}\)
Xét đánh giá sau:
\(\frac{x}{x^2-1}-\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2x^2}=\frac{(x-\sqrt{3})^2(2x+\sqrt{3})}{2x^2(x^2-1)}\geq 0, \forall x^2>1\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{x}{x^2-1}\geq \frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2x^2}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{x}{x^2-1}+\frac{y}{y^2-1}+\frac{z}{z^2-1}\geq \frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2})=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\sqrt{3}\)
SOS get it <(")
\(\left(\frac{1}{x};\frac{1}{y};\frac{1}{z}\right)->\left(a;;bc\right)\text{for}\left(a;b;c>0\text{and}a^2+b^2+c^2=1\right)\)
\(\text{Khido}P=\frac{a}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{b}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{c}{a^2+b^2}\)
\(\text{Ta se cm}\sum_{cyc}\frac{a}{b^2+c^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\)\(\text{Viet lai BDT can chung minh}\)
\(\frac{a}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{b}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{c}{a^2+b^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}}\)
\(\text{Chuan hoa}a^2+b^2+c^2=3\text{ta can cm:}\)
\(\frac{a}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{b}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{c}{a^2+b^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{3-a^2}+\frac{b}{3-b^2}+\frac{c}{3-c^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{3-a^2}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{b}{3-b^2}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{c}{3-c^2}-\frac{1}{2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum_{cyc}\left(\frac{a}{3-a^2}-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\left(x^2-1\right)\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a\left(a+2\right)\left(a-1\right)^2}{3-a^2}+\frac{b\left(b+2\right)\left(b-1\right)^2}{3-b^2}+\frac{c\left(c+2\right)\left(c-1\right)^2}{3-c^2}\ge0\)
Ta có \(\left(\frac{x^3}{y^2+z}+\frac{y^3}{z^2+x}+\frac{z^3}{x^2+y}\right)\left[x\left(y^2+x\right)+y\left(z^2+x\right)+z\left(x^2+y\right)\right]\ge\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\left(1\right)\)
Ta chứng minh \(\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\ge\frac{4}{5}\left[x\left(y^2+z\right)+y\left(z^2+x\right)+z\left(x^2+y\right)\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2\ge4\left[x\left(y^2+z\right)+y\left(z^2+x\right)+z\left(x^2+y\right)\right]\left(2\right)\)
Thật vậy \(\hept{\begin{matrix}3\left(\Sigma x^2\right)^2\ge\left(\Sigma x^2\right)\cdot\Sigma x^2=4\Sigma zx\left(3\right)\\2\left(\Sigma x^2\right)^2\ge4\Sigma xy^2\left(4\right)\end{matrix}\Leftrightarrow2\left(\Sigma x^2\right)^2\ge\Sigma xy^2\left(x+y+z\right)}\)(*)
Từ các Bất Đẳng Thức \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x^4-2x^3z+z^2x^2}{2}\ge0\\\frac{x^4+y^4+2x^4}{4}\ge xyz^2\end{cases}}\)=> (*) đúng
Như vậy (3),(4) đúng => (2) đúng
Từ đó suy ra \(T\ge\frac{4}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)
ê hiếu t có 1 cách nhưng mà bị ngược dấu :)) có cần t làm ko :))))
\(P=\frac{y^2z^2}{x\left(y^2+z^2\right)}+\frac{z^2x^2}{y\left(x^2+z^2\right)}+\frac{x^2y^2}{z\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x\left(\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\right)}+\frac{1}{y\left(\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)}+\frac{1}{z\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}\right)}\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{x};\frac{1}{y};\frac{1}{z}\right)\rightarrow\left(a;b;c\right)\) thì \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\) Ta cần chứng minh:
\(P=\frac{a}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{b}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{c}{a^2+b^2}\)
\(=\frac{a}{1-a^2}+\frac{b}{1-b^2}+\frac{c}{1-c^2}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{a\left(1-a^2\right)}+\frac{b^2}{b\left(1-b^2\right)}+\frac{c^2}{c\left(1-c^2\right)}\)
Theo đánh giá bởi AM - GM ta có:
\(a^2\left(1-a^2\right)^2=\frac{1}{2}\cdot2a^2\cdot\left(1-a^2\right)\left(1-a^2\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{2a^2+1-a^2+1-a^2}{3}\right)^3=\frac{4}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(1-a^2\right)^2\le\frac{2}{3\sqrt{3}}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{a\left(1-a\right)^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}a^2\)
Tương tự rồi cộng lại ta có ngay điều phải chứng minh