Cho a, b, c > 0. Chứng minh \(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\ge a+b+c\)
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\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2\left(b+c\right)}{4\left(b+c\right)}}=a\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{a+c}{4}\ge b\) ; \(\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4}\ge c\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\ge a+b+c\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}+a+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+b+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+c\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}+a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+1\right)+b\left(\frac{b}{a+c}+1\right)+c\left(\frac{c}{a+b}+1\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c}\right)+b\left(\frac{a+b+c}{c+a}\right)+c\left(\frac{a+b+c}{a+b}\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\frac{a}{b+c}+\left(a+b+c\right)\frac{b}{c+a}+\left(a+b+c\right)\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+1+\frac{b}{c+a}+1+\frac{c}{a+b}+1\ge\frac{3}{2}+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b+c}{c+a}+\frac{a+b+c}{a+b}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a+2b+2c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+c+c+a+a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}b+c+c+a+a+b\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}\\\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nhân từng vế :
\(\Rightarrow\left(b+c+c+a+a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\sqrt[3]{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right).\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(b+c+c+a+a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\left(đpcm\right)\)
Vậy với a ,b ,c > 0 thì \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô-si cho các số thực không âm ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b+c}\times\frac{b+c}{4}}=a\) (1)
\(\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{a+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{a+c}\times\frac{a+c}{4}}=b\) (2)
\(\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{c^2}{a+b}\times\frac{a+b}{4}}=c\) (3)
Cộng (1),(2) và (3),vế theo vế ta được:
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :a=b=c
Vậy \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\) với a,b,c >0
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2+b^2}\geq \frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \left(\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}-\frac{a}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{b^2}{a^2+c^2}-\frac{b}{a+c}\right)+\left(\frac{c^2}{a^2+b^2}-\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{ab(a-b)+ac(a-c)}{(b^2+c^2)(b+c)}+\frac{ba(b-a)+bc(b-c)}{(a^2+c^2)(a+c)}+\frac{ca(c-a)+cb(c-b)}{(a^2+b^2)(a+b)}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab(a-b)\left(\frac{1}{(b^2+c^2)(b+c)}-\frac{1}{(a^2+c^2)(a+c)}\right)+bc(b-c)\left(\frac{1}{(a^2+c^2)(a+c)}-\frac{1}{(a^2+b^2)(a+b)}\right)+ca(c-a)\left(\frac{1}{(a^2+b^2)(a+b)}-\frac{1}{(b^2+c^2)(b+c)}\right)\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab(a-b).\frac{(a-b)(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac)}{(b^2+c^2)(b+c)(a^2+c^2)(a+c)}+bc(b-c).\frac{(b-c)(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac)}{(a^2+c^2)(a+c)(a^2+b^2)(a+b)}+ca(c-a).\frac{(c-a)(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac)}{(a^2+b^2)(a+b)(b^2+c^2)(b+c)}\geq 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac)\left[\frac{(a-b)^2}{(b^2+c^2)(b+c)(a^2+c^2)(a+c)}+\frac{(b-c)^2}{(a^2+c^2)(a+c)(a^2+b^2)(a+b)}+\frac{(c-a)^2}{(a^2+b^2)(a+b)(b^2+c^2)(b+c)}\right]\geq 0\)
(luôn đúng)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bu-nhi-a mở rộng, ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c}\)
\(=a+b+c\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c
Do a,b,c dương nên áp dụng cô-si cho 2 số dương \(\frac{a^2}{b}\)và\(b\)ta được
\(\frac{a^2}{b}+b\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b}\cdot b}=2a\)
Tương tự
\(\frac{b^2}{c}+c\ge2b\): \(\frac{c^2}{a}+a\ge2c\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}+a+b+c\ge2a+2b+2c\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\ge a+b+c\)
bài này nhiều cách làm nhưng bn xem thử cách này nhé
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si :
\(\frac{a^2}{b}+b\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2b}{b}}=2a\)
Chứng minh tương tự : \(\frac{b^2}{c}+c\ge2b\); \(\frac{c^2}{a}+a\ge2c\)
Cộng theo vế của 3 bđt trên ta được :
\(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}+a+b+c\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\ge a+b+c\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Đặt b + c = x ; c + a = y ; a + b = z ; P = a/b+c + b/c+a + c/a+b
=> a = (y + z - x) / 2 ; b = (x + z - y) / 2 ; c = (x + y - z) / 2
=> P = a/b+c + b/c+a + c/a+b = (y + z - x) / 2x + (x + z - y) / 2y + (x + y - z) / 2z
= 1/2. (y/x + z/x - 1 + x/y + z/y - 1 + x/z + y/z - 1) = 1/2. (x/y + y/x + x/z + z/x + y/z + z/y - 3)
Áp dụng BĐT a/b + b/a ≥ 0 hoặc Cô-si cũng được :
=> P ≥ 1/2. (2 + 2 + 2 - 3) = 3/2 (đpcm)
Dấu = xảy ra <=> x = y = z <=> b+c = c+a = a+b <=> a = b = c
\(\frac{a^2}{b}+b\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2b}{b}}=2\sqrt{a^2}=2a;\frac{b^2}{c}+c\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b^2c}{c}}=2b;\frac{c^2}{a}+a\ge2\sqrt{\frac{c^2a}{a}}=2c\)
\(\Rightarrow VT+VP\ge2VP\Leftrightarrow VT\ge VP\left(\text{điều phải chứng minh}\right)\)
\(\text{dấu "=" xảy ra khi: }a=b=c\)
Giả sử \(c=min\left\{a,b,c\right\}\)
\(VT-VP=\frac{c\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2+b\left(c+b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{abc}\ge0\)