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5. The population of the town can be divided into three main ______________. A. gangs B. tribes C. lists D. groups 6. ____________refers to the existence of different plants and animals in a place. A. Resources B. Existence C. Biodiversity D. Marine 7. The turtle has a long life _________________. A. age B. span C. expectancy D. Both B and C 8. The case is still under ___________________ A. investigate B. investigated C. investigator D. investigation 9. The whale is a(n)...
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5. The population of the town can be divided into three main ______________.

A. gangs B. tribes C. lists D. groups

6. ____________refers to the existence of different plants and animals in a place.

A. Resources B. Existence C. Biodiversity D. Marine

7. The turtle has a long life _________________.

A. age B. span C. expectancy D. Both B and C

8. The case is still under ___________________

A. investigate B. investigated C. investigator D. investigation

9. The whale is a(n) _______________species.

A. endanger B. dangerous C. endangered D. endangering

10. Strong _________________are dangerous for swimmers.

A. seas B. rivers C. climates D. currents

11. It is important to ________________a reasonable level of fitness.

A. control B. maintain C. keep D. B and C

12. We would stay at home __________________.

A. if it were snowing C. if it is going to snow

B. if it would snow D. if it will snow.

13. I am sure that Nam would go to the cinema with you ____________.

A. if you ask him C. if you asked him

B. if you will ask him D. if you would ask him

14. I will never talk to you again _____________you apologize me___________ your being so rude.

A. if / for B. unless / for C. or / of D. whether / of

15. The whale feeds by opening its mouth wide, waiting for masses of shrimps-like animals called

_____________.

A. crabs B. shrimps C. starfish D. krill

1
25 tháng 2 2020

5. The population of the town can be divided into three main ______________.

A. gangs B. tribes C. lists D. groups

6. ____________refers to the existence of different plants and animals in a place.

A. Resources B. Existence C. Biodiversity D. Marine

7. The turtle has a long life _________________.

A. age B. span C. expectancy D. Both B and C

8. The case is still under ___________________

A. investigate B. investigated C. investigator D. investigation

9. The whale is a(n) _______________species.

A. endanger B. dangerous C. endangered D. endangering

10. Strong _________________are dangerous for swimmers.

A. seas B. rivers C. climates D. currents

11. It is important to ________________a reasonable level of fitness.

A. control B. maintain C. keep D. B and C

12. We would stay at home __________________.

A. if it were snowing C. if it is going to snow

B. if it would snow D. if it will snow.

13. I am sure that Nam would go to the cinema with you ____________.

A. if you ask him C. if you asked him

B. if you will ask him D. if you would ask him

14. I will never talk to you again _____________you apologize me___________ your being so rude.

A. if / for B. unless / for C. or / of D. whether / of

15. The whale feeds by opening its mouth wide, waiting for masses of shrimps-like animals called

_____________.

A. crabs B. shrimps C. starfish D. krill

10 tháng 4 2017

Đáp án B

Giải thích: Cấu trúc

Be devided into sth = phân chia thành cái gì

Be made of sth = được tạo thành từ cái gì (nhấn mạnh đến nguyên liệu làm ra)

Dịch nghĩa: Núi lửa được chia thành / được tạo thành từ ba nhóm chính, dựa trên hình dạng của chúng và các loại vật liệu mà chúng.

          A. make up for = đền bù, bồi thường

          C. make from = (thường là thứ được sản xuất, gia công) làm từ gì

          D. are made out of = làm ra bằng cách thay đổi từ vật này thành vật khác

Word formation:The days when people would go to a zoo simply for (0. AMUSE) _______ are long ago. Today, when we place greater (1. IMPORT) _______ on the survival of animals in the wild, zoos have duty to inform the public and improve our (2. KNOW) _______ of the environment and the problems faced (3. WORLD) _______ by large numbers of animals. Today's zoos also play a role in the (4. PROTECT) _______ of threatened species, breeding animals for release in the wild. Many zoos also fund (5....
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Word formation:

The days when people would go to a zoo simply for (0. AMUSE) _______ are long ago. Today, when we place greater (1. IMPORT) _______ on the survival of animals in the wild, zoos have duty to inform the public and improve our (2. KNOW) _______ of the environment and the problems faced (3. WORLD) _______ by large numbers of animals. Today's zoos also play a role in the (4. PROTECT) _______ of threatened species, breeding animals for release in the wild. Many zoos also fund (5. SCIENCE) _______ research into animals and their behavior. The way animals are treated in zoos has changed, too. Many intelligent animals suffer from (6. BORE) _______ in captivity and their keepers now try to improve the (7. PSYCHOLOGY) _______ state of the animals in their care. They do this by, for example, providing the animals with a (8. VARY) _______ of different food or by changing the animals' (9. DAY) _______ routine. Although some critics of zoos remain (10. CONVINCE) _______ , there can be no doubt that animals in zoos today enjoy a more comfortable existence than in the past.

2
13 tháng 9 2019

0. amusement 

1. born      2. in        3. invent       4. telephone         5. spread

6. made     7. the       8. imagined     9. death           10. for

chúc hk tốt nhớ tk mk nha

Word formation:

The days when people would go to a zoo simply for (0. AMUSE) ___amusement____ are long ago. Today, when we place greater (1. IMPORT) __born_____ on the survival of animals in the wild, zoos have duty to inform the public and improve our (2. KNOW) ____in___ of the environment and the problems faced (3. WORLD) __event_____ by large numbers of animals. Today's zoos also play a role in the (4. PROTECT) __telephone_____ of threatened species, breeding animals for release in the wild. Many zoos also fund (5. SCIENCE) __spread_____ research into animals and their behavior. The way animals are treated in zoos has changed, too. Many intelligent animals suffer from (6. BORE) ___made____ in captivity and their keepers now try to improve  the (7. PSYCHOLOGY) ___the____ state of the animals in their care. They do this by, for example, providing the animals with a (8. VARY) __imagined_____ of different food or by changing the animals' (9. DAY) _____death__ routine. Although some cris of zoos remain (10. CONVINCE) ____for___ , there can be no doubt that animals in zoos today enjoy a more comfortable existence than in the past.

1.   ________ refers to the existence of different kinds of animals and plants which make a balanced environment. A. biodiversity            B. sample         C. organism                    D. submarine2. -Tom: __________? -  Peter: I‟m interested in seal. A.   Which animals in the forest do you like?B.  Which animals in the sea do you like? C.  Which animals in the  mountain do you like?D.   Which animals in the desert do you like?3. You are not right. If I ________ you, I ___________...
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1.   ________ refers to the existence of different kinds of animals and plants which make a balanced environment.

 

A. biodiversity            B. sample         C. organism                    D. submarine

2. -Tom: __________?

 

-  Peter: I‟m interested in seal.

 

A.   Which animals in the forest do you like?

B.  Which animals in the sea do you like?

 

C.  Which animals in the  mountain do you like?

D.   Which animals in the desert do you like?

3. You are not right. If I ________ you, I ___________ that.

A. were/would not do                                             B. was/would not do

 

C. had been/wouldn‟t have done                   D. am/will not do

 

4. You don‟t look very well. I think you _________ go to the doctor‟s.

A. should                         B. can                     C. could                D. must

 

5.   This dress ________ especially for me by a French tailor.

 

A. is made

 

B. has made

 

 

C. made

D. have been made

 

 

A. stopped

B. talked

 

C. watched

D. wanted

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7. He missed the train yesterday. If he ________ early, he _______ the train.

A. got up/wouldn‟t miss

 

 

B. had got up/wouldn‟t have missed

C. gets up/won‟t miss

 

 

D. had got up/would have missed

 

 

8. I prepare a big meal ______ Tom‟s birthday party.

 

 

 

A. for celebrating

B. celebrating

C. to celebrate

D. in order celebrate

9. A. arrives

 

B. talks

C. laughs

D. stops

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.-Tom: _________?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- Peter: I like Van Cao.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A. What is your favorite band?

 

 

B. What is your favorite singer?

B. What is your favorite music?

 

 

D. What is your favorite musician?

11. Mary is ________ engineer, she works for _______ big company.

A. an/a

B. a/a

C. an/the

 

 

 

D. Ø

 

 

 

12. These pictures were set ________ motion.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A. of

B. on

C. in

D. at

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                   

 

13.  ______________ that he became famous.

 

A. It is not until

B. It is not until 2008

 

C. It was not until that

D. It was not until 2008

 

14.Hoa was _______ because of this film.

 

A. exciting   B. excites

C. excited

D. excitedly

 

15. A. tournament   B. passionate

C. retirement

D. victory

16.Scotland met Wales in the final at Twickenham.

 

 

 

 

 

 

A. at the end B. in the closing match

C. in the last match

D. in the decisive match

     

 

17.  - Are you going shopping?

 

 

2

 

- Yes, I _______ something for dinner.

 

 

A. am going to buy

B. will buy

C. buy

D. buying

    

18.  A professor_________ teaches biology has just received an award.

 

A. who

B. that

 

C. whom

D. which

 

19.:This student is very intelligent. I admire him very much.

 

A. This student who I admire him very much is very intelligent.

B. This student whom I admire very much is very intelligent.

 

C. This student , whom I admire very much, is very intelligent.

D. This student, that I admire very much, is very intelligent.

 

20. I like living in this house _______ it is old.

 

A. because

 

B. although

C. in spite of

D. because of

21. Few businesses are flourishing in the present economic climate.

 

 

 

 

 

 

A. growing well

B. setting up

C. closing down

D. taking off

22 John‟s grades are really bad but Tim‟s grades are ___________

A. worst

B. worse

C. badder

D. so worse

 

       

 

23.  The __________ of this school makes us happy.

A. establish   B. establishment         C. established               D. establisher

 

 

 

II.Choose the option A, B, C or D to complete the following passage:

London is the capital city of The United Kingdom. It was (24)_____ by the Romans in 43 AD. It was

 

located in southern England, (25)______ the River Thames.

 

London is famous for many things. Tourists come from all over the world (26)______ its historic

buildings, theatres, museums and shops. The most famous shop is Harrods, (27)______ you can buy

almost anything.

 

The best thing about London is the park. There are five of them in the city centre. They cover a large area of the city, and are (28)_______ places for people to get away from the noisy and busy city life and relax.

 

24. A. made

B. done

C. created

D. founded

25. A. in

B. on

C. of

D. under

26. A. visit

B. visiting

C. visited

D. to visit

27. A. which

B. who

C. that

D. where

28. A. idea

B. ideal

C. ideaful

D. ideally

 

 

 

 

B. PHẦN TỰ LUẬN

I. Read the following passage and answer the questions:

 

Pele is considered one of the greatest football players of all time. He was born in 1940 in Brazil. As a football player, Pele was famous for his powerful kicking and controlling the ball. He joined a Brazilian football club in 1956, and in 1962 he led the team to its first world club championship. Pele became the only player to participate in three World Cups in 1958, 1962 and 1970. By 1974, Pele had scored 1200 goals and became a Brazilian national hero. He played for an American football club for two years before he retired in 1977. Later Pele became an international

 

 

3

 

 

 

ambassador for the sport, working to promote peace and understanding through friendly sport activities.

1.   What was Pele famous for as a football player?

______________________________________________________-

2.   When did he join an American football club?

 

______________________________________________________

3.   How many World Cups did he take part in?

 

_____________________________________________________

 

4.   How old was he when he retired?

_____________________________________________________

 

5.   What did he do after his retirement?

_____________________________________________________

 

II. Rewrite the following sentences as directed:

1.   People are destroying large areas of forest now. (change into passive voice)

 

_________________________________________________________________

2.   Nam failed the exam because he didn‟t work hard.

 

If _________________________________________

3.   I go to the theatre once a week. (make a question to ask the underlined part)

 

_________________________________________________

4.   We weren‟t invited to the party until Tom suggested.

 

It was __________________________________________

 

5.   This work is really tiring, We can‟t stand it.

We are very __________________

6.   No one can study better than Nam in my class.

Nam is _______________________________________

 

7
3 tháng 2 2021

1.   ________ refers to the existence of different kinds of animals and plants which make a balanced environment.

 

A. biodiversity            B. sample         C. organism                    D. submarine

2. -Tom: __________?

 

-  Peter: I‟m interested in seal.

 

A.   Which animals in the forest do you like?

B.  Which animals in the sea do you like?

C.  Which animals in the  mountain do you like?

D.   Which animals in the desert do you like?

3. You are not right. If I ________ you, I ___________ that.

A. were/would not do                                             B. was/would not do

 

C. had been/wouldn‟t have done                   D. am/will not do

 

4. You don‟t look very well. I think you _________ go to the doctor‟s.

A. should                         B. can                     C. could                D. must

 

5.   This dress ________ especially for me by a French tailor.

 

A. is made

 

B. has made

 

 

C. made

D. have been made

 

 

6  A. stopped

B. talked

 

C. watched

D. wanted

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7. He missed the train yesterday. If he ________ early, he _______ the train.

A. got up/wouldn‟t miss

 

 

B. had got up/wouldn‟t have missed

C. gets up/won‟t miss

 

 

D. had got up/would have missed

 

 

8. I prepare a big meal ______ Tom‟s birthday party.

 

 

 

A. for celebrating

B. celebrating

C. to celebrate

D. in order celebrate

9. A. arrives

 

B. talks

C. laughs

D. stops

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.-Tom: _________?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

- Peter: I like Van Cao.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A. What is your favorite band?

 

 

B. What is your favorite singer?

B. What is your favorite music?

 

 

D. What is your favorite musician?

3 tháng 2 2021

11. Mary is ________ engineer, she works for _______ big company.

A. an/a

B. a/a

C. an/the

 

 

 

D. Ø

 

 

 

12. These pictures were set ________ motion.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A. of

B. on

C. in

D. at

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                   

 

13.  ______________ that he became famous.

 

A. It is not until

B. It is not until 2008

 

C. It was not until that

D. It was not until 2008

 

14.Hoa was _______ because of this film.

 

A. exciting   B. excites

C. excited

D. excitedly

 

15. A. tournament   B. passionate

C. retirement

D. victory

16.Scotland met Wales in the final at Twickenham.

 

 

 

 

 

 

A. at the end B. in the closing match

C. in the last match

D. in the decisive match

     

 

17.  - Are you going shopping?

2

 

- Yes, I _______ something for dinner.

 

 

A. am going to buy

B. will buy

C. buy

D. buying

    

18.  A professor_________ teaches biology has just received an award.

 

A. who

B. that

 

C. whom

D. which

 

19.:This student is very intelligent. I admire him very much.

 

A. This student who I admire him very much is very intelligent.

B. This student whom I admire very much is very intelligent.

 

C. This student , whom I admire very much, is very intelligent.

D. This student, that I admire very much, is very intelligent.

 

20. I like living in this house _______ it is old.

 

A. because

 

B. although

C. in spite of

D. because of

1. ________ refers to the existence of different kinds of animals and plants which make a balanced environment.A. biodiversity           B. sample      C. organism              D. submarine2.  -Tom: __________?– Peter: I’m interested in seal.A. Which animals in the forest do you like?                   B. Which animals in the sea do you like?C. Which animals in the  mountain do you like?D. Which animals in the desert do you like?3. You are not right. If I ________ you, I ___________ that.A....
Đọc tiếp

1. ________ refers to the existence of different kinds of animals and plants which make a balanced environment.

A. biodiversity           B. sample      C. organism              D. submarine

2.  -Tom: __________?

– Peter: I’m interested in seal.

A. Which animals in the forest do you like?                   

B. Which animals in the sea do you like?

C. Which animals in the  mountain do you like?

D. Which animals in the desert do you like?

3. You are not right. If I ________ you, I ___________ that.

A. were/would not do                                   B. was/would not do

C. had been/wouldn’t have done              D. am/will not do

4. You don’t look very well. I think you _________ go to the doctor’s.

A. should       B. can            C. could         D. must

5. This dress ________ especially for me by a French tailor.

A. is made     B. has made              C. made         D. have been made

6. A. stopped                 B. talked        C. watched    D. wanted

7. He missed the train yesterday. If he ________ early, he _______ the train.

A. got up/wouldn’t miss                  B. had got up/wouldn’t have missed

C. gets up/won’t miss                      D. had got up/would have missed

8. I prepare a big meal ______ Tom’s birthday party.

A. for celebrating           B. celebrating           C. to celebrate          D. in order celebrate

9. A. arrives                   B. talks           C. laughs       D. stops

10.  -Tom: _________?   – Peter: I like Van Cao.

A. What is your favorite band?                  B. What is your favorite singer?

B. What is your favorite music?                 D. What is your favorite musician?

1
15 tháng 5 2022

1. ________ refers to the existence of different kinds of animals and plants which make a balanced environment.

A. biodiversity           B. sample      C. organism              D. submarine

2.  -Tom: __________?

– Peter: I’m interested in seal.

A. Which animals in the forest do you like?                   

B. Which animals in the sea do you like?

C. Which animals in the  mountain do you like?

D. Which animals in the desert do you like?

3.

You are not right. If I ________ you, I ___________ that.

A. were/would not do                                   B. was/would not do

C. had been/wouldn’t have done              D. am/will not do

4. You don’t look very well. I think you _________ go to the doctor’s.

A. should       B. can            C. could         D. must

5. This dress ________ especially for me by a French tailor.

A. is made     B. has made              C. made         D. have been made

6. A. stopped                 B. talked        C. watched    D. wanted

7. He missed the train yesterday. If he ________ early, he _______ the train.

A. got up/wouldn’t miss                  B. had got up/wouldn’t have missed

C. gets up/won’t miss                      D. had got up/would have missed

8. I prepare a big meal ______ Tom’s birthday party.

A. for celebrating           B. celebrating           C. to celebrate          D. in order celebrate

9. A. arrives                   B. talks           C. laughs       D. stops

10.  -Tom: _________?   – Peter: I like Van Cao.

A. What is your favorite band?                  B. What is your favorite singer?

B. What is your favorite music?                 D. What is your favorite musician?

Plans grow(46) almost every part of the world. We see(47) plants as flowers, glass, and tree nearly every day. Plants grow high on moutaintops, far in the oceans, and in many deserts and(48) regions Without plants, there could be not life on earth. Man could not live without air of food and so he could not live without plants. The oxygen in the air we breathe comes from plants. The food we eat also comes from plants or from animals that eat plants. We build houses and make many(49) products...
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Plans grow(46) almost every part of the world. We see(47) plants as flowers, glass, and tree nearly every day. Plants grow high on moutaintops, far in the oceans, and in many deserts and(48) regions

Without plants, there could be not life on earth. Man could not live without air of food and so he could not live without plants. The oxygen in the air we breathe comes from plants. The food we eat also comes from plants or from animals that eat plants. We build houses and make many(49) products from lumber cut from trees. (50) of our clothing is made from the fitbers of the cotton plants.

Scientists belive there are more than 350,000 species of plants, but no one knowns for(51). Some of the smallest plants, called diatoms, can be seen only with a(52). A drop of the water may hould as many as 500 diatoms. The largest living things are the giant sequoia trees of California. Some of them stand more than 290 feet high and measure over 30 feet wide

Scientist(53) all living things into two main groups - plants and animals. It is usually easy to tell the two(54). Almost all kinds of plants stay in one place, but nearly all species of animals move about under their own power. Most plants make their own food from air, sunglight, and water. Animals cannot make their own food. The basic units of all life, called cells, are also different in plants and animals. Most plants have thick wall that(55) a material called cellulost. Animal cells dl not have this material.

Ae giúp mjk nhanh với

1
2 tháng 3 2020

Plans grow(46)in almost every part of the world. We see(47)such plants as flowers, glass, and tree nearly every day. Plants grow high on moutaintops, far in the oceans, and in many deserts and(48)polar regions

Without plants, there could be not life on earth. Man could not live without air of food and so he could not live without plants. The oxygen in the air we breathe comes from plants. The food we eat also comes from plants or from animals that eat plants. We build houses and make many(49)useful products from lumber cut from trees. (50) Much of our clothing is made from the fitbers of the cotton plants.

Scientists belive there are more than 350,000 species of plants, but no one knowns for(51)sure. Some of the smallest plants, called diatoms, can be seen only with a(52)microscope . A drop of the water may hould as many as 500 diatoms. The largest living things are the giant sequoia trees of California. Some of them stand more than 290 feet high and measure over 30 feet wide

Scientist(53)divide all living things into two main groups - plants and animals. It is usually easy to tell the two(54)apart . Almost all kinds of plants stay in one place, but nearly all species of animals move about under their own power. Most plants make their own food from air, sunglight, and water. Animals cannot make their own food. The basic units of all life, called cells, are also different in plants and animals. Most plants have thick wall that(55) contain a material called cellulost. Animal cells dl not have this material.

22 tháng 1 2022

có thể g thích tại sao lại điền v k

 

21 tháng 8 2018

Đáp án : B

Biodiversity  = sự đa đạng sinh học. extinction = sự tuyệt chủng. habitat = môi trường sống. Conservation = sự bảo tồn

20 tháng 4 2017

Đáp án C

major: chính >< minor: nhỏ, thứ yếu

Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions. It is hard to get any agreement on the precise meaning of the term “social class”. In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale. The criteria we use to “place” a new acquaintance; however, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress, way of speaking, area of...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions.

It is hard to get any agreement on the precise meaning of the term “social class”. In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale. The criteria we use to “place” a new acquaintance; however, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress, way of speaking, area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all play a part.

In Greece, after the sixth-century B.C., there was a growing conflict between the peasants and the landed aristocrats, and a gradual decrease in the power of the aristocracy when a kind of “middle class” of traders and skilled workers grew up. The population of Athens, for example, was divided into three main classes which were politically and legally distinct. About one-third of the total were slaves, who did not count politically at all, a fact often forgotten by those who praise Athens as the nursery of democracy. The next main group consisted of resident foreigners, the “metics”, who were freemen, though they too were allowed no share in political life. The third group was the powerful body of “citizens”, who were themselves divided into sub-classes.

The medieval feudal system, which flourished in Europe from the ninth to the thirteenth century, gave rise to a comparatively simple system based on birth. Under the King, there were two main classes - lords and “vassals”, the latter with many subdivisions.

In the later Middle Ages; however, the development of a money economy and the growth of cities and trade led to the rise of another class, the “burghers” or city merchants and mayors. These were the predecessors of the modern middle class. Gradually high office and occupation assumed importance in determining social position, as it became more and more possible for a person born to one station in life to move to another. This change affected the town more than the country areas, where remnants of feudalism lasted much longer.

It can be indicated from the passage that the decline of the Greek aristocracy’s power in the sixth century B.C. ____.

A. caused international conflict in the area 

B. lasted for only a short time 

C. was assisted by a rise in the number of slaves 

D. coincided with the rise of a new “middle class” of traders and peasants

1
8 tháng 12 2017

Answer D

Kỹ năng: Đọc

Giải thích:

Thông tin ở “In Greece, after the sixth-century B.C., there was a growing conflict between the peasants and the landed aristocrats, and a gradual decrease in the power of the aristocracy when a kind of “middle class” of traders and skilled workers grew up.”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the question. Mountaineers have noted that as they climb, for example, up to the 12,633–foot Humphreys Peak in the San Francisco Peaks in Arizona, plant life changes radically. Starting among the cacti of the Sonoran Desert, one climbs into a pine forest at 7,000 feet and a treeless alpine tundra at the summit. It may seem that plants at a given altitude are associated in...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the question.

Mountaineers have noted that as they climb, for example, up to the 12,633–foot Humphreys Peak in the San Francisco Peaks in Arizona, plant life changes radically. Starting among the cacti of the Sonoran Desert, one climbs into a pine forest at 7,000 feet and a treeless alpine tundra at the summit. It may seem that plants at a given altitude are associated in what can be called “communities” – groupings of interacting species. The idea is that over time, plants that require particular climate and soil conditions come to live in the same places, and hence are frequently to be found together. Scientists who study the history of plant life are known as paleobotanists, or paleobots for short. They build up a picture of how groups of plants have responded to climate changes and how ecosystems develop. But are these associations, which are real in the present, permanent?

A great natural experiment took place on this planet between 25,000 and 10,000 years ago, when small changes in the earth’s orbit and axis of rotation caused great sheets of ice to spread from the poles. These glaciers covered much of North America and Europe to depths of up to two miles, and then, as the climate warmed, they retreated. During this retreat, they left behind newly uncovered land for living things to colonize, and as those living things moved in they laid down a record we can read now. As the ice retreated and plants started to grow near a lake, they would release pollen. Some would fall into the lake, sink to the bottom, and be incorporated into the sediment. By drilling into the lake bottom it is possible to read the record of successive plant life around the lake. The fossil record seems clear; there is little or no evidence that entire groups of plants moved north together. Things that lived together in the past don’t live together now, and things that live together now didn’t live together in the past. Each individual organism moved at its own pace. The fossil record seems to be telling us that we should be thinking about preserving species by giving them room to maneuver – to respond to environmental changes.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? 

A. That the migratory patterns of plants are dependent upon changes in climate

B. That current associations of plants are similar to those in the past

C. That modern conservation methods should consider the migratory patterns of plants

D. That another ice age is likely to occur at some time

1
11 tháng 6 2018

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Điều gì có thể được suy ra từ đoạn văn?

   A. Các kiểu di cư của thực vật phụ thuộc vào sự thay đổi của khí hậu.

   B. Các quần thể thực vật hiện nay tương tự như trong quá khứ.

   C. Phương pháp bảo tồn hiện đại nên xem xét các mô hình di cư của thực vật.

   D. Một kỷ băng hà khác có khả năng xảy ra vào một lúc nào đó.

Thông tin: Each individual organism moved at its own pace. The fossil record seems to be telling us that we should be thinking about preserving species by giving them room to maneuver – to respond to environmental changes.

Tạm dịch: Mỗi sinh vật riêng lẻ di chuyển theo tốc độ riêng của nó. Mẫu hóa thạch dường như đang nói với chúng ta rằng chúng ta nên suy nghĩ về việc bảo tồn các loài bằng cách cho chúng cơ hội để vận động – để thích ứng với những thay đổi môi trường.

Chọn C

Dịch bài đọc:

Những người leo núi đã chú ý rằng khi họ leo núi, ví dụ, lên đến đỉnh Humphreys cao 12,633 feet ở Đỉnh San Francisco ở Arizona, đời sống thực vật thay đổi hoàn toàn. Bắt đầu giữa những cây xương rồng của sa mạc Sonoran, một người leo lên một khu rừng thông ở độ cao 7,000 feet và một lãnh nguyên núi cao vô tận ở đỉnh núi. Dường như các loài thực vật ở độ cao nhất định có liên quan đến những gì có thể được gọi là “quần xã” – nhóm các loài tương tác. Ý tưởng là theo thời gian, các loài thực vật đòi hỏi điều kiện khí hậu và đất đai đặc biệt đến sống ở cùng một nơi, và do đó thường được tìm thấy cùng nhau. Các nhà khoa học nghiên cứu về lịch sử của đời sống thực vật được gọi là các nhà cổ sinh vật học (paleobotanists), hay viết tắt là “paleobots”. Họ phác họa nên một bức tranh về cách các nhóm thực vật đã ứng phó với biến đổi khí hậu và cách các hệ sinh thái phát triển. Nhưng những mối quan hệ đang xảy ra trên thực tế này có kéo dài mãi mãi?

Một thí nghiệm tự nhiên tuyệt vời đã diễn ra trên hành tinh này từ giữa 25,000 đến 10,000 năm trước, khi những thay đổi nhỏ trong quỹ đạo và trục quay của Trái đất khiến những tảng băng lớn lan ra từ các cực. Những dòng sông băng bao phủ phần lớn Bắc Mỹ và châu Âu tới độ sâu lên đến hai dặm, và sau đó, khi khí hậu ấm lên, chúng tan ra. Trong suốt quá trình tan chảy, chúng đã bỏ lại vùng đất mới chưa được khám phá để sinh vật sống, và khi những sinh vật đó chuyển đến chúng đã lập một kỷ lục chúng ta có thể đọc ngay bây giờ. Khi băng tan và thực vật bắt đầu mọc gần hồ, chúng sẽ tỏa ra phấn hoa. Một số sẽ rơi xuống hồ, chìm xuống đáy và tạo thành trầm tích. Bằng cách khoan vào đáy hồ, người ta có thể đọc được sự phát triển của đời sống thực vật kế tiếp quanh hồ. Mẫu hóa thạch có vẻ rõ ràng; có rất ít hoặc không có bằng chứng cho thấy toàn bộ các nhóm thực vật di chuyển về phía bắc cùng nhau. Những thứ sống cùng nhau trong quá khứ hiện đang không sống cùng nhau và những thứ sống cùng nhau bây giờ đã không sống cùng nhau trong quá khứ. Mỗi sinh vật riêng lẻ di chuyển theo tốc độ riêng của nó. Mẫu hóa thạch dường như đang nói với chúng ta rằng chúng ta nên suy nghĩ về việc bảo tồn các loài bằng cách cho chúng cơ hội để vận động – để thích ứng với những thay đổi môi trường.