Cho a,b,c,d>0 Chứng minh
\(1< \frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< 2\)
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Ta có : \(b>0,d>0,\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow ad< bc\) ( 1 )
\(\Rightarrow ad+ab< bc+ab\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(d+b\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\)
Vì \(b>0,d>0,\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}=ad< bc\)
\(\Rightarrow ad+cd< bc+cd\) ( 2 )
\(\Rightarrow d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)
\(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ad< bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ad+ab< bc+ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\) (1)
\(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ad< bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ad+cd< bc+cd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\) (2)
Từ (1) ; (2) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\) (đpcm)
\(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow ad< bc\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+ad< bc+ab\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\)( 1 )
Lại có : ad < bc
\(\Rightarrow ad+cd< bc+cd\)
\(\Rightarrow d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)
a, \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{ad}{bd};\frac{c}{d}=\frac{bc}{bd}\)
Mà \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{ad}{bd}< \frac{bc}{bd}\Rightarrow ad< bc\)
b, Theo câu a ta có: \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow ad< bc\Rightarrow ad+ab< bc+ab\Rightarrow a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\left(1\right)\)
Lại có: \(ad< bc\Rightarrow ad+cd< bc+cd\Rightarrow d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\Rightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) => đpcm
a, \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{ad}{bd};\frac{c}{d}=\frac{bc}{bd}\)
Mà \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{ad}{bd}< \frac{bc}{bd}\Rightarrow ad< bc\)
b, Theo câu a, ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow ad< bc\Rightarrow ad+ab< bc+ab\Rightarrow a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\)(1)
Lại có: \(ad< bc\Rightarrow ad+cd< bc+cd\Rightarrow d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\Rightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) => đpcm.
\(\frac{a}{a+b+c}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}\)
Làm tương tự với 3 cái sau và cộng lại ta sẽ có BĐT bên trái
\(\frac{a}{a+b+c}< \frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}\)
Làm tương tự với 3 cái sau và cộng lại ta sẽ có BĐT bên phải
2/\(H=\left(x^2+y^2+1-2x+2y-2xy\right)+\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+2019\)
\(H=\left(x-y-1\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+2019\ge2019\)
\(H_{min}=2019\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\x-y-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow ad< bc\)
+) \(ad+ab< bc+ab\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\)( 1 )
+) \(ad+cd< bc+cd\Leftrightarrow d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow\frac{ad}{bd}< \frac{bc}{bd}\)
Vì \(b,d>0\Rightarrow bd>0\)
\(\Rightarrow ad< bc\)
Ta lại có:
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a\left(b+d\right)}{b\left(b+d\right)}=\frac{ab+ad}{b\left(b+d\right)}\)
\(\frac{a+c}{b+d}=\frac{b\left(a+c\right)}{b\left(b+d\right)}=\frac{ab+bc}{b\left(b+d\right)}\)
Vì \(b,d>0\)
Nên \(b\left(b+d\right)>0\)và \(d\left(b+d\right)>0\) \(\left(1\right)\)
Mà \(ad< bc\Leftrightarrow ab+ad< ab+bc\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\)và \(\left(2\right)\)ta có: \(\frac{ab+ad}{b\left(b+d\right)}>\frac{ab+bc}{b\left(b+d\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\left(\cdot\right)\)
Ta lại có:
\(\frac{a+c}{b+d}=\frac{d\left(a+c\right)}{d\left(b+d\right)}=\frac{ad+cd}{d\left(b+d\right)}\)
\(\frac{c}{d}=\frac{c\left(b+d\right)}{d\left(b+d\right)}=\frac{bc+cd}{d\left(b+d\right)}\)
Mà \(ad< bc\Rightarrow ad+cd< bc+cd\left(3\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\)và \(\left(3\right)\)ta có:
\(\frac{ad+cd}{d\left(b+d\right)}< \frac{bc+cd}{d\left(b+d\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\left(\cdot\cdot\right)\)
Từ \(\left(\cdot\right)\)và \(\left(\cdot\cdot\right)\)ta có: \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{a+b+c}>\frac{a}{a+b+c}.\)
\(\frac{b}{b+c+d}>\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{c}{c+d+a}>\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{d}{d+a+b}>\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(=>\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}\)
\(>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\)
\(=>\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}>1\)(1)
* Ta có : \(\frac{a}{a+b+c}< \frac{a}{a+c}\)
\(\frac{b}{b+c+d}< \frac{b}{b+d}\)
\(\frac{c}{c+d+a}< \frac{c}{c+a}\)
\(\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{d}{d+b}\)
\(=>\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}\)
\(< \frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+d}+\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{d}{d+b}=\frac{a+c}{a+c}+\frac{b+d}{b+d}=2\)
\(=>\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< 2\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra
\(1< \frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< 2\left(\text{đ}pcm\right)\)
+ \(\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}=1\) (1)
+ Ta c/m : Nếu \(\frac{m}{n}< 1\) thì \(\frac{m}{n}< \frac{m+x}{n+x}\)
+ Ta có : \(\frac{m}{n}< 1\Leftrightarrow m< n\Leftrightarrow mx< nx\) ( m,n,x > 0 )
\(\Leftrightarrow mn+mx< mn+nx\Leftrightarrow m\left(n+x\right)< n\left(m+x\right)\) \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{m}{n}< \frac{m+x}{n+x}\)
Áp dụng kết quả trên :
\(\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{a+b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c+d}{a+b+c+d}\) \(=\frac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=2\) (2)
+ Từ (1) và (2) => đpcm